Wear simulation for the centre plate arrangement of a freight car

The bodies of many railway freight cars in many countries of the world are coupled to the running gear by means of a body centre plate that makes a friction pair with a centre bowl. During motion, the bogie is rotated and moved with respect to the car body. This leads to wear on the contact surfaces. Lubrication is inexpedient in this case because the friction forces damp the vibrations (so-called bogie hunting) during motion. Usually, centre plates exhibit noticeable wear after two years of operation. Reducing wear requires knowing details of the wear process which, in turn, requires computer simulation of freight car motion for an operation period of 10–15 years. The purpose of this paper is to develop a universal method for wear simulation of friction pairs that could be used, in particular, for the centre plate of a freight car.     

A nonlinear virtual rider for motorcycles

This work presents a virtual rider for the guidance of a nonlinear motorcycle model. The target motion is defined in terms of roll angle and speed. The virtual rider inputs are the steering torque, the rear-wheel driving/braking torque and front-wheel braking torque. The virtual rider capability is assessed by guiding the nonlinear motorcycle model in demanding manoeuvres with roll angles of 50° and longitudinal accelerations up to 0.8 g. Considerations on the effective preview distance used by the virtual rider are included.     

内侧轴箱式转向架曲线通过性能研究

内侧轴箱式转向架是一种新型结构模式的转向架。文章通过动力学仿真软件对该结构转向架的曲线通过性能进行了计算,并在与传统转向架动力学性能对比的基础上,进一步研究了内侧轴箱式转向架的曲线通过性能。     

泥石流作用下桥墩的动力响应分析

由于部分山区桥梁跨越发育冲沟,会受到泥石流的冲击作用,基于桥梁构件能力保护原则,对泥石流作用下桥梁动力响应分析的研究就显得尤为重要。应用有限元动态接触方法对碰撞过程进行数值模拟,选取某高速公路30 m实心T墩建立三维实体有限元模型,分析其在泥石流作用下的动力响应情况。研究表明,在泥石流冲击作用下,块石与桥墩接触区及下部构件连接处应力较大,墩顶位移随上部荷载压力增大而不断减小,即设计应考虑分别提高桥墩的承载能力及其构件连接处的变形能力。     

Method for obtaining the wheel–rail contact location and its application to the normal problem calculation through ‘CONTACT’

This work presents a robust methodology for calculating inter-penetration areas between railway wheel and rail surfaces, the profiles of which are defined by a series of points. The method allows general three-dimensional displacements of the wheelset to be considered, and its characteristics make it especially suitable for dynamic simulations where the wheel–rail contact is assumed to be flexible. The technique is based on the discretisation of the geometries of the surfaces in contact, considering the wheel as a set of truncated cones and the rail as points. By means of this approach, it is possible to reduce the problem to the calculation of the intersections between cones and lines, the solution for which has a closed-form expression. The method has been used in conjunction with the CONTACT algorithm in order to solve the static normal contact problem when the lateral displacement of the wheelset, its yaw angle and the vertical force applied in the wheelset centroid are prescribed. The results consist of smooth functions when the dependent coordinates are represented as a function of the independent ones, lacking the jump discontinuities that are present when a rigid contact model is adopted. Example results are shown and assessed for the normal contact problem for different lateral and yaw positions of the wheelset on the track.     

疏浚管路阻力损失计算方法的分析

管道输沙阻力损失计算是江河湖泊、港口航道疏浚工程中的一个基本问题,它是设计管道浆体输送系统的重要参数,直接关系到动力设备的选型和运行的能耗.文章重点以疏浚工程中泥沙的输送为研究对象,对管内两相流动的阻力特性及临界流速问题进行了初步研究,并实验研究了泥沙在不同的浓度和速度下的阻力特性,对3种模型的阻力损失计算模型进行了检验、分析和评价.结果表明Jufin＆Lopatin是一个比较好的计算模型.对于颗粒的不均匀性的影响,科学的方法能提高计算模型的计算精度.     

The effects of wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives

In this study, in order to examine the effects of a wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives, the stick–slip vibration was analysed according to theoretical and simulation analysis. The decrease of the slip rate vibration amplitude improved the stability of the stick–slip vibration and the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. Increasing the longitudinal guide stiffness of the wheelset and the motor suspension stiffness were proposed as effective measures to improve the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. These results showed that the dynamic slip rate was inversely proportional to the series result of the square root of the longitudinal guide and motor suspension stiffness. The larger the motor suspension stiffness was, the smaller the required longitudinal guidance stiffness was at the same re-adhesion time once the wheel slip occurred, and vice versa. The simulation results proved that the re-adhesion time of the locomotive was approximately proportional to amplitude of the dynamic slip rate. When the stick–slip vibration occurred, the rotary and the longitudinal vibrations of the wheelset were coupled, which was confirmed by train's field tests.     

Lateral dynamics emulation via a four-wheel steering vehicle

In this paper, we examine the lateral dynamics emulation capabilities of an automotive vehicle equipped with four-wheel steering. We first demonstrate that the lateral dynamics of a wide range of vehicles can be emulated, either with little or with no modification on the test vehicle. Then we discuss a sliding mode controller for active front and rear wheel steering, in order to track some given yaw rate and side-slip angle. Analytically, it is shown that the proposed controller is robust to plant parameter variations by±10%, and is invariant to unmeasurable wind disturbance. The performance of the sliding mode controller is evaluated via computer simulations to verify its robustness to vehicle parameter variations and delay in the loop, and its insensitivity to wind disturbance. Finally, the emulation of a bus, a van, and two commercially available passenger vehicles is demonstrated in an advanced nonlinear simulator.     

船舶舱室置换通风系统的数值模拟和优化

船上有些空间大、人员集中、船体结构复杂的舱室,传统送风方式难以满足需求,给空气环境设计带来很大挑战。文章采用计算流体力学方法研究置换通风系统在船舶舱室中的应用,通过建立物理和数值计算模型,在设计初始阶段对其进行气流组织、热舒适性等方面的模拟分析和优化应用研究;针对某实船舱室的置换通风系统原始方案和优化方案进行对比分析,结果表明置换通风系统具有流动分层和垂直温度梯度的特点。相比原始方案,优化方案使舱室内温度、风速和热舒适性指标等得到优化,有效降低了吹风感,保证人体周围的空气品质,热舒适性指标也符合标准要求。对船舶置换通风系统的应用研究具有借鉴意义。     

基于惯性基准法的轨道高低不平顺影响分析

为研究轨道结构敏感因素对中长波高低不平顺的影响,建立了车辆—轨道耦合模型,基于惯性基准法仿真检测轨道高低不平顺,分析了轨道结构振动及不同扣件刚度、路基支承刚度和轨枕间距对高低不平顺的影响.结果表明:在波长2～6 m范围内,柔性轨道估算不平顺明显大于无质量轨道不平顺;从时域角度分析时,扣件刚度、路基支承刚度和轨枕间距对高...