Numerical simulation of viscous liquid sloshing by moving-particle semi-implicit method

A meshless numerical simulation method, the moving-particle semi-implicit method （MPS） is presented in this paper to study the sloshing phenomenon in ocean and naval engineering. As a meshless method, MPS uses particles to replace the mesh in traditional methods, the governing equations are discretized by virtue of the relationship of particles, and the Poisson equation of pressure is solved by incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method （ICCG）, the free surface is tracked by the change of numerical density. A numerical experiment of viscous liquid sloshing tank was presented and compared with the result got by the difference method with the VOF, and an additional modification step was added to make the simulation more stable. The results show that the MPS method is suitable for the simulation of viscous liquid sloshing, with the advantage in arranging the particles easily, especially on some complex curved surface.     

Pareto optimisation of railway bogie suspension damping to enhance safety and comfort

This paper presents the optimisation of damping characteristics in bogie suspensions using a multi-objective optimisation methodology. The damping is investigated and optimised in terms of the resulting performances of a railway vehicle with respect to safety, comfort and wear considerations. A complete multi-body system model describing the railway vehicle dynamics is implemented in commercial software Gensys and used in the optimisation. In complementary optimisation analyses, a reduced and linearised model describing the bogie system dynamics is also utilised. Pareto fronts with respect to safety, comfort and wear objectives are obtained, showing the trade-off behaviour between the objectives. Such trade-off curves are of importance, especially in the design of damping functional components. The results demonstrate that the developed methodology can successfully be used for multi-objective investigations of a railway vehicle within models of different levels of complexity. By introducing optimised passive damping elements in the bogie suspensions, both safety and comfort are improved. In particular, it is noted that the use of optimised passive damping elements can allow for higher train speeds. Finally, adaptive strategies for switching damping parameters with respect to different ride conditions are outlined and discussed.     

Modelling and analysis of a gyrostat elastically attached to a vehicle

In recent studies, the dynamic response of a passenger car to a gyrostat was investigated for a series of driving manoeuvres, but the gyrostat was assumed to be rigidly supported, thus neglecting the effect of rotor precession. The aim of the present study is the modelling and investigation of the gyrostat-vehicle interaction for elastically mounted gyrostats. For this purpose, a general model describing the motion of a gyrostat elastically supported by a moving platform is derived. Emphasis is placed on the mathematical derivation, where all considerations that are necessary to arrive at the final result are included. Thus, the presented considerations and results can be easily adopted and are suitable to serve beyond their actual purpose as a reference work for other applications. The derived model is tested with the aid of vehicle dynamics simulations and the simulation results prove to be consistent with the results of the rigid attachment model, provided that the elastic approach is subjected to high-bearing stiffnesses. However, it is shown that at lower bearing stiffnesses the solutions are progressively different, since low-bearing stiffnesses enable the gyrostat to move, due to the compliance of the bearings itself, relative to the vehicle chassis with high-angular velocities.     

Uncertainty quantification in vehicle dynamics

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a review of various works that highlight the importance of introducing the variability of the road-track/vehicle system into dynamic simulations as soon as this latter is meant to be predictive. The first section of the paper presents the Uncertainty Quantification, Verification and Validation method (UQ-VV). This latter proposes tools to model uncertainties, to associate a confidence to the prediction of quantities of interest and to estimate the probability of occurrence of different scenarios. The method is illustrated by various examples mainly from the rail domain but also from the road sector. The second section summarises application examples of predictive modelling, robust optimisation and calibration.     

踏面形状对地铁车辆动力学性能的影响

不同的车轮踏面形状与同一钢轨匹配时具有不同的轮轨接触几何关系,影响车辆的动力学性能.分析比较了我国LM磨耗型踏面和德国DIN5573踏面对地铁车辆动力学性能的影响.结果表明,采用DIN5573踏面时车辆的运行稳定性优于LM磨耗型踏面,而曲线通过性能则相对较差.     

120 km/h货车提速综合试验动力学性能分析

我国提速综合试验既是对列车在提速条件下对线桥设备(包括钢轨、轨枕、道岔、路基、路桥过渡段和桥涵等)的动力作用的试验,又是对车辆动力学性能进行的一个充分的验证性能试验。文章通过对比分析近年来我国提速综合试验的测试线路、试验车辆、运行特点和测试数据,对我国综合提速试验中120km/h货车动力学性能进行了比较全面的总结与分析,指出了我国120km/h货车动力学性能方面存在的主要问题,并提出了解决问题的建议。     

地铁车站环控系统设计中气流组织方案的数值模拟

针对地铁车站环境控制系统设计中常用的几种典型气流组织方案,使用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,采用重正化群双方程紊流模型,对待建地铁车站及其隧道内的温度场和气流速度场进行三维数值模拟,得到各种方案下的温度和气流速度分布。通过分析和比较,认为屏蔽门方案能够得到最优的站台候车环境,但会使隧道内的温度有较大的升高,且投资较大;在投资较小的3种方案中,混合回/排风方案的效果最佳,对该方案造成的站台上气流速度分布不均匀的情况提出了相应的改善措施,并对数值模拟方法在地铁车站环控系统设计中的应用进行了探讨。     

基于大断面高铁隧道的施工通风时间理论预测方法研究

为了获得隧道施工中风管出口到掌子面的距离（以下简称“风管距离”）以及风管出口风量对施工通风时间的影响规律，以郑万线机械配套施工的大断面高速铁路隧道为工程依托，采用CFD数值模拟和多项式拟合数值分析方法对1D、2D、3D、4D（D为断面当量直径）的风管距离搭配2 000、2 500、3 000、3 500 m3/min 4种风管出口风量作用下的最少通风时间进行研究。研究结果表明，施工通风时间受风管距离与风管出口风量2个因素的影响，通风时间t与风管距离x之间关系可以表示为t=ax2+bx+c的形式，且式中各项系数均可以通过多项式拟合表达为风管出口风量Q的函数，故研究可得出通风时间t与风管距离、风管出口风量间的函数关系式为t=f(Q)x2+g(Q)x+h(Q)，同时运用该公式对向家湾隧道工程实例的通风时间进行预测。研究成果为郑万线隧道机械化快速施工通风时间的确定提供了理论指导，研究揭示的规律及所采用方法对类似隧道工程施工通风时间的确定具有一定的参考价值。     

Flexible multibody simulation of automotive systems with non-modal model reduction techniques

The stiffness of the body structure of an automobile has a strong relationship with its noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics. In this paper, the effect of the stiffness of the body structure upon ride quality is discussed with flexible multibody dynamics. In flexible multibody simulation, the local elastic deformation of the vehicle has been described traditionally with modal shape functions. Recently, linear model reduction techniques from system dynamics and mathematics came into the focus to find more sophisticated elastic shape functions. In this work, the NVH-relevant states of a racing kart are simulated, whereas the elastic shape functions are calculated with modern model reduction techniques like moment matching by projection on Krylov-subspaces, singular value decomposition-based reduction techniques, and combinations of those. The whole elastic multibody vehicle model consisting of tyres, steering, axle, etc. is considered, and an excitation with a vibration characteristics in a wide frequency range is evaluated in this paper. The accuracy and the calculation performance of those modern model reduction techniques is investigated including a comparison of the modal reduction approach.