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991.
为了探讨城市交通网络拥堵产生机理,在分析城市交通网络特性的基础上,建立了双层城市交通网络模型,构建了交通动力学模型,并引人累计到达目的地的车辆数目和网络瘫痪时刻2个参数来刻画交通网络拥堵相变。通过计算机仿真,分析了网络拓扑结构、车辆生成率、道路交叉口能力和网络规模对网络拥堵相变临界值的影响,运用车辆到达数目对时间的导数将网络划分为自由流、亚拥堵和瘫痪3种状态,并给出了对应的区间值。研究表明,对于随机出行网络和无标度出行网络来说,都存在自由相到拥堵相的相变,相变点的值可以用来衡量网络能力,且车辆生成率、交叉口能力和网络规模对网络能力有着不同程度的影响。 相似文献
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高速铁路道岔设计关键技术 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5
基于道岔轮轨多点接触关系,建立了高速道岔动力分析理论,并设计出适合我国高速道岔的相离式半切尖轨平面线型、心轨水平藏尖结构、尖轨短过渡顶面轮廓和弹性均匀的岔区轨道刚度.为解决无缝道岔转换卡阻问题,在考虑长大轨件纵横向协调变形的基础上,研发了适应大伸缩量的转换锁闭机构、既可有效传递纵向力又可保持道岔平顺性的尖轨及心轨跟端结构和适用于有砟和无砟轨道基础的扣件系统.为控制长大轨件转换不足位移,确保道岔的高平顺性和锁闭可靠性,运用有限单元法进行长大轨件及双肢弹性可弯心轨结构的转换设计,研制出新型辊轮滑床台,并优化了转换牵引点布置及其动程设计. 相似文献
995.
直线电机轮轨交通车辆通常车厢底板高度低,车体尺寸小,与传统地铁车辆相比,具有车辆限界小的特点.目前地铁车站站台边缘与车体间空隙过大,导致乘客上下车时经常发生踏空受伤事件.本文针对广州地铁4号线直线电机轮轨交通系统,采用车线动力分析的方法,建立了直线电机轮轨车辆侧向动态偏移计算模型,在此基础上分析了不同线路状态、不同运行速度等条件下车辆各方向运动情况,计算了站台面高度处车体的横向最大侧移,并以该值作为车辆限界确定站台与车辆间空隙.研究表明:广州地铁4号线站台与车辆间隙还可以缩小20mm. 相似文献
996.
After introducing the theories and geometric features of four familiar transition curves (cubic parabola (CP), fifth degree parabola (FDP), half-wave-length sinusoidal (HS) and sinusoidal (SI)), these curves are compared under identical conditions of length, offset and the maximum of the first derivative of curvature. In terms of the roll acceleration (RA) and the lateral change of acceleration (LCA), the SI curve, in theory, is superior to other transition curves. 相似文献
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Sgouris Sgouridis 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(10):1077-1091
With increasing demand for air transportation worldwide and decreasing marginal fuel efficiency improvements, the contribution of aviation to climate change relative to other sectors is projected to increase in the future. As a result, growing public and political pressures are likely to further target air transportation to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The key challenges faced by policy makers and air transportation industry stakeholders is to reduce aviation greenhouse gas emissions while sustaining mobility for passengers and time-sensitive cargo as well as meeting future demand for air transportation in developing and emerging countries. This paper examines five generic policies for reducing the emissions of commercial aviation; (1) technological efficiency improvements, (2) operational efficiency improvements, (3) use of alternative fuels, (4) demand shift and (5) carbon pricing (i.e. market-based incentives). In order to evaluate the impacts of these policies on total emissions, air transport mobility, airfares and airline profitability, a system dynamics modeling approach was used. The Global Aviation Industry Dynamics (GAID) model captures the systemic interactions and the delayed feedbacks in the air transportation system and allows scenarios testing through simulations. For this analysis, a set of 34 scenarios with various levels of aggressiveness along the five generic policies were simulated and tested. It was found that no single policy can maintain emissions levels steady while increasing projected demand for air transportation. Simulation results suggest that a combination of the proposed policies does produce results that are close to a “weak” sustainability definition of increasing supply to meet new demand needs while maintaining constant or increasing slightly emissions levels. A combination of policies that includes aggressive levels of technological and operations efficiency improvements, use of biofuels along with moderate levels of carbon pricing and short-haul demand shifts efforts achieves a 140% increase in capacity in 2024 over 2004 while only increasing emissions by 20% over 2004. In addition, airline profitability is moderately impacted (10% reduction) compared to other scenarios where profitability is reduced by over 50% which pose a threat to necessary investments and the implementation of mitigating measures to reduce CO2 emissions. This study has shown that an approach based on a portfolio of mitigating measures and policies spanning across technology and operational improvements, use of biofuels, demand shift and carbon pricing is required to transition the air transportation industry close to an operating point of environmental and mobility sustainability. 相似文献
999.
文章通过抗渗、冻融、化学侵蚀试验及现场摩擦系数测试,研究了涂刷两种新型混凝土保护剂进行表面防水处理对机场混凝土道面耐久性的影响。结果表明:两种混凝土保护剂均能大幅改善混凝土的抗渗性能,降低混凝土冻融后的动弹性模量损失以及道面除冰液侵蚀下的强度损失,且不影响道面的抗滑性能。通过涂刷新型混凝土保护剂进行表面防水处理是提高混凝土道面耐久性的有效方法。 相似文献
1000.
《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(3):357-375
The behaviour of a motorcycle on the road is largely governed by tyre properties. This paper presents experimental and numerical analyses dealing with the influence of tyre properties on the stability of weave and wobble in straight running. The final goal is to find optimal sets of tyre properties that improve the stability of a motorcycle. The investigation is based on road tests carried out on a sport-touring motorcycle equipped with sensors. Three sets of tyres are tested at different speeds in the presence of weave and wobble. The analysis of telemetry data highlights significant differences in the trends of frequency and damping of weave and wobble against speed. The experimental analysis is integrated by a parametric numerical analysis. Tyre properties are varied according to the design of experiments method, in order to highlight the single effects on stability of lateral and cornering coefficient of front and rear tyres. 相似文献