Distributed computing approaches for large‐scale probit‐based stochastic user equilibrium problems

Applications of probit‐based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) principle on large‐scale networks have been largely limited because of the overwhelming computational burden in solving its stochastic network loading problem. A two‐stage Monte Carlo simulation method is recognized to have satisfactory accuracy level when solving this stochastic network loading. This paper thus works on the acceleration of the Monte Carlo simulation method via using distributed computing system. Three distributed computing approaches are then adopted on the workload partition of the Monte Carlo simulation method. Wherein, the first approach allocates each processor in the distributed computing system to solve each trial of the simulation in parallel and in turns, and the second approach assigns all the processors to solve the shortest‐path problems in one trial of the Monte Carlo simulation concurrently. The third approach is a combination of the first two, wherein both different trials of the Monte Carlo simulation as well as the shortest path problems in one trial are solved simultaneously. Performances of the three approaches are comprehensively tested by the Sioux‐Falls network and then a randomly generated network example. It shows that computational time for the probit‐based SUE problem can be largely reduced by any of these three approaches, and the first approach is found out to be superior to the other two. The first approach is then selected to calculate the probit‐based SUE problem on a large‐scale network example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Techniques for the inference of mileage rates from MOT data

Abstract

Mathematical and computational techniques are developed for the processing and analysis of annual Ministry of Transport roadworthiness (MOT) test data that the UK Department for Transport has placed in the public domain. First, techniques are given that clean erroneous records and a linking procedure is provided that permits the inference of an individual vehicle's mileage between consecutive tests. Methods are then developed that analyse aggregate mileage totals, as a function of vehicle age, class and geography. The inference of aggregate mileage rates as a function of time is then considered.     

覆盖层次结构的知识距离刻画方法

为了研究覆盖上的层次结构问题,在覆盖上提出了知识距离的概念,并由覆盖知识距离构建了两种不同的代数格,最终使用由这两种代数格所诱导出的偏序关系来刻画不同覆盖之间的关系.实例分析表明由知识距离格方法来研究覆盖的层次问题是切实可行的.由此可以看出,知识距离为研究覆盖的层次问题提供了一种新的有效方法.     

Promoting Cycling for Transport: Research Needs and Challenges

Abstract

Near future travel-time information is one of the most critical factors that travellers consider before making trip decisions. In efforts to provide more reliable future travel-time estimations, transportation engineers have examined various techniques developed in the last three decades. However, there have not been sufficiently systematic and through reviews so far. In order to effectively support various transportation strategies and applications including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is necessary to apply appropriate forecasting methods for matching circumstances in a timely manner. This paper conducts a comprehensive review study focusing on literatures, including modern techniques proposed recently, related to travel time and traffic condition predictions that are based on ‘data-driven' approaches. Based on the underlying mechanisms and theoretical principles, different approaches are categorized as parametric (linear regression and time series) and non-parametric approaches (artificial intelligence and pattern searching). Then, the approaches are analysed for their strengths, potential weaknesses, and performances from five main perspectives that are prediction range, accuracy, efficiency, applicability, and robustness.     

Transition between Signal Timing Plans: A Methodological and Analytical Overview

Abstract

The transition phase is generally defined as the process of switching from one timing plan to another; this process may include changes in offset, phase split or cycle length until coordination for a new timing plan is reached once again. As noted in the literature, transition phases between timing plans may lead to severe disruptions of traffic flow, resulting in potentially lasting effects. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review, classify and analyse the literature regarding transition between different timing plans to highlight existing research gaps and give researchers a starting point to continue contributing with solutions to the transition problem. Regarding transition approaches, a gap concerning mathematical approaches was deemed significant as a transition could be greatly benefited by simultaneously optimising more than one operational measure of effectiveness through multi-objective mathematical models. Moreover, in the analysis of applied approaches, Shortway algorithms generally outperformed other practical methods under different scenarios.     

澧水特大桥索塔基坑岩溶病害处治方法研究

张家界至花垣高速公路地处湘西北,是湖南省高速公路网规划“五纵七横”路网中—长沙浏阳（赣湘界）至花垣（湘渝界）高速公路的重要组成部分.受水文地质环境的限制,在西部山区修建高速公路时,常常会遇到一些岩溶病害问题.首先,以张花高速公路中的澧水特大悬索桥索塔基础基坑为工程实例,深入探讨了该特大桥索塔基础基坑岩溶病害发育特点,并以此为基础,对基坑侧壁及基底岩溶的稳定性进行了分析评价.其次,根据澧水特大悬索桥索塔基础基坑岩溶实际分布情况,提出了岩溶及溶缝处治基本原则,进而得到了索塔左基坑岩溶病害处理方案.最后,通过承载力试验及补钻孔取芯的方法对处治效果进行了检测,结果表明：处治后的基坑基底地质情况良好,满足设计要求,证明本文岩溶病害处治方案是合理可行的,可以为类似的工程提供有力参考.     

物联网环境下的重点车辆监控海量信息处理研究

重点车辆监控是借助物联网技术,通过感知设备对重点监控车辆进行识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理。重点车辆监控平台需面对海量数据的处理问题．云计算信息处理模式为重点车辆信息管理提供了新思路。借助云计算的概念,提出基于Hadoop分布式并行编程框架的重点车辆信息管理模式和基于MapReduce编程模型的重点车辆海量信息处理方案。然后,采用广东省的重点车辆监控平台的历史数据作为样本,搭建基于Hadoop的重点车辆海量信息处理测试平台。实验结果表明,该平台能够实现物联网环境下的重点车辆海量数据的快速处理与查询．满足实时监控的要求。     

指纹定位应用于智能运输系统之可行性

利用追踪手机位置来侦测道路信息的机制,这个机制不需要花费庞大的金额来架设及维护额外的侦测装置．运用行动网络中的测量报告讯号,结合指纹定位算法,依定位信息进行车速评估．在实验中以快速道路66号路段进行实际路测,其指纹定位算法位置估计误差的可达36．11 m ,车速评估的平均误差可达3．39％,提供准确的位置和车速准确度．此外,采用云计算进行平行处理,可有效改善指纹定位算法需要大量运算的限制．     

基于目的论的好莱坞电影片名翻译策略初探

全球化趋势下,好莱坞电影作为美国大众文化代表在世界范围内流行,不仅创造了巨大的经济利益,而且传播了美国文化。能够令国人接受和理解的片名翻译对影片的成功也显得尤为重要,本文以目的论为理论依据对好莱坞电影片名翻译应考虑的要素和常见的翻译方法进行初步的探究,并对译者的要求提出若干建议。     

港口航道及治河工程专业实践教学模式的研究

以港航专业实训教学中存在的弊端为基础,探索单一案例教学的实训教学模式,提高实训教学的工程结合度,提高学生的动手能力及学习兴趣,加强知识结构的整体性及连贯性,提高实践教学质量。