关于长江口深水航道维护条件与流域来水来沙关系的初步分析

长江口深水航道一、二期工程建成后，航道回淤量得到了控制。分析其原因，长江流域进入河口的泥沙近十多年来明显减少，但河口水体含沙量并未减少。河口下段由于存在明显的泥沙再悬浮过程，泥沙活动总量远大于流域来沙量。因此，在一定时期内，流域来沙减少不会显著改善航道的维护条件。另一方面，河相关系分析和实测地形资料表明，近十多年来长江口内沙洲面积持续减少，分析认为应与流域来沙减少和变细有关。一段时期内，河床演变趋于活跃，增加了泥沙活动，对航道维护有不利影响。     

Intermittent turbulence and copepod dynamics: Increase in encounter rates through preferential concentration

Turbulence has a strong influence on plankton contact rate, which is a crucial parameter for plankton ecology. In the field of particle-turbulence interactions, it is now well known that fully developed turbulence does not always homogenise particle distributions, but instead creates, in some well-defined conditions, preferential concentrations of heavy particles. Many studies have considered the influence of this type of preferential concentration on particle contact rate. We consider here the possible application of these results to copepods, assuming that some results obtained for heavy particles are still valid for light particles. Using parameter values representative of copepod species in coastal waters and open ocean, we numerically estimate the possible enhancement of copepod contact rates due to the preferential concentration by turbulence. The assessment is done by using data from a laboratory experiment: we find from the trajectory analysis of small neutrally buoyant particles, that the preferential concentration effect increases the contact rate up to 140%. We argue that this effect may be more pronounced for higher Reynolds numbers, and may have important ecological applications.     

A study of the Alboran sea mesoscale system by means of empirical orthogonal function decomposition of satellite data

This paper presents the results of a combined empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sea surface temperature (SST) data and sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll concentration data over the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean), covering a period of 1 year (November 1997–October 1998). The aim of this study is to go beyond the limited temporal extent of available in situ measurements by inferring the temporal and spatial variability of the Alboran Gyre system from long temporal series of satellite observations, in order to gain insight on the interactions between the circulation and the biological activity in the system. In this context, EOF decomposition permits concise and synoptic representation of the effects of physical and biological phenomena traced by SST and chlorophyll concentration. Thus, it is possible to focus the analysis on the most significant phenomena and to understand better the complex interactions between physics and biology at the mesoscale. The results of the EOF analysis of AVHRR-SST and SeaWiFS-chlorophyll concentration data are presented and discussed in detail. These improve and complement the knowledge acquired during the in situ observational campaigns of the MAST-III Observations and Modelling of Eddy scale Geostrophic and Ageostrophic motion (OMEGA) Project.     

黄骅港外航道骤淤分析

通过对黄骅港海域的海岸类型、波浪、潮流、含沙量、泥沙特性及泥沙运移形态等自然特性的研究,分析了黄骅港外航道开挖以来屡次出现强淤和骤淤的原因及特点。     

公路水泥混凝土路面再生利用技术探讨

水泥混凝土路面再生技术的应用,不仅解决了环境问题,而且节省了造价,节约了资源。详细介绍集中破碎再生利用、共振碎石化再生利用、多锤头碎石化再生利用、冲击压裂再生利用及板式打裂压稳再生利用五种水泥混凝土路面再生利用技术,从技术原理、适用性与经济性等方面进行综合比较,提出了五种技术的适用范围。     

上建转圆处结构应力集中的工程预报方法研究

运用ANSYS软件,对上层建筑与主船体连接部位在外力作用下的应力场分布规律进行了分析,以转圆过渡半径R为研究变量,对不同R导致的过渡连接区应力分布的变化,进行了系列化的对比分析.通过对比不同转圆半径R下的上建转圆处结构应力水平以及应力集中度,重点对半径与应力分布状态的变化规律进行了定性分析,建立了设计变量R对转圆区结构应力变化的影响模型,提出了转圆区结构应力集中系数K关于转圆半径R的拟合公式.     

掺入泵送剂全尾砂膏体流变特性研究

以新疆某铜矿全尾砂为主要原料,研究了泵送剂掺量、质量分数和废石添加量对膏体流变特性的影响.试验结果表明：泵送剂掺量控制在2%左右便可达到最佳流变效果;屈服应力和塑性粘度与膏体质量分数间分别成指数和二次函数关系;随着废石添加量增多,屈服应力呈单调递减趋势,塑性粘度则无明显变化规律.以恒减速速率模拟浆体在管道中输送过程,发现膏体在流入采空区后仍能保持初始流变性能,说明泵送剂适用于该矿山膏体充填.     

斜向索力作用下桁架式扣塔的钢锚箱受力性能

相对于一般的钢锚箱而言,拱桥扣塔的钢锚箱与斜拉桥和悬索桥的钢锚箱的受力不同,斜拉桥的钢锚箱四周有钢或混凝土构件连接支承,而扣塔的钢锚箱只有扣塔桁架构件与之相连,连接构件相对较少,其受力性能直接关系到拱桥施工安全。合江长江大桥的扣塔钢锚箱具有构造复杂,扣索索力大,且与扣塔的主弦杆焊接在一起受力等特点。合江长江一桥扣塔的钢锚箱有限元分析结果表明,在拱肋吊装过程中的最不利扣索力工况下,钢锚箱的锚下应力相对较大,但应力衰减较快,随着远离应力集中区,应力迅速降至较低水平。钢锚箱性能满足使用要求,构造合理、传力途径明确、结构受力安全,可为分析和设计同类构造形式提供参考。     

角接触球轴承极限推力载荷有限元分析

介绍了角接触球轴承极限推力载荷经典力学的计算方法;用有限元分析方法对角接触球轴承的极限推力载荷进行分析,通过研究滚动体与内、外圈滚道接触状态,研究在不同的内、外圈沟曲率系数情况下,极限推力载荷的变化情况,并确定角接触球轴承的极限推力载荷,避免轴承在使用过程中产生边缘应力集中,为角接触球轴承的设计与应用提供有价值的参考.     

基于降低船舶EEDI指数的水力旋流器设计

为有效控制海洋环境的污染问题,减少国际航运业以及造船业对全球环境恶化以及气候变暖问题带来的影响,IMO正在积极推出包括新造船能效设计指数在内的一系列举措。本文在满足压载水排放要求的前提下,清除压载水中的含沙量以减少压载水的重量,既减少船舶总吨,减少能源消耗,达到节能效果。