三门海特大桥深水基础施工技术研究

三门海特大桥复杂的天然条件相对于主墩的深水基础施工而言相当恶劣,通过对高桩承台三个方案的优化比选,确定了承台采用钢吊箱施工方案,并详细介绍了水中临设、深水桩基、钢吊箱施工的方法,最后对深水基础施工进行了系统总结。     

Railway reforms: do they influence operating efficiency?

This paper considers railway operations in 23 European countries during 1995–2001, where a series of reform initiatives were launched by the European Commission, and analyses whether these reform initiatives improved the efficiency of the railway systems. Efficiency is measured using Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis, which enables investigation of how railway reforms affect the inefficiencies of specific cost drivers. The main findings are that the reform initiatives generally improve technical efficiency but potentially differently for different cost drivers. Specifically, the paper provides empirical evidence that accounting separation is important for improving the efficiency in the use of both material and staff costs, whereas other reforms only influenced one of these factors.

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

罗天乐大桥连续刚构0#块施工托架设计方法

文章介绍了罗天乐大桥连续刚构0#块施工托架的设计与计算方法,指出所采用的预埋牛角焊接型钢托架法具有取材方便、组装速度快、变形小、安全性高、经济适用等优点,适合高墩施工和无基础支撑条件的墩桩施工,可供同类型桥梁工程施工参考。     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

船用控制台电磁兼容结构设计探讨

随着现代计算机网络技术和智能控制技术的不断进步,对电气控制设备箱体电磁兼容的要求越来越高。本文结合某电磁兼容控制台提出了一种电磁兼容的台体结构设计与同行探讨:设计横截面呈"U"字形及平面矩形的不锈钢框架,与碳钢材料台体壳壁门框孔处以焊接形式固定,配置电磁兼容密封材料,形成完整的电磁兼容结构。实践证明:电磁干扰测试和电磁敏感度测试符合设备正常工作要求,结构简洁,可靠性好,便于MACAD制造。     

埋地管道防腐层破损点检测技术综合应用研究

对防腐层完整性检测尤其是对防腐层破损点的精确定位,及对检出大、中面积破损点开挖修补,是确保土壤跟管道的有效绝缘、提高阴极保护效果的关键。文中分析了常用埋地钢质管道防腐层破损点检测技术特点,结合现场检测实践,综合应用多种技术,能有效检测埋地钢质管道防腐层破损点。根据测量数据可以判断破损点大小以及是否开挖修理,在管道安全运行及检测的经济性之间寻找结合点。     

U型管式换热器的质量控制

U型管式换热器属于列管换热器的一种,被广泛应用在循环水冷却高温气体装置中。根据U型管式换热器的结构特点和技术原理,针对设备在使用过程中可能出现的问题,在整个材料采购和制造过程中,对换热器中管板制造加工、U型管成形及换热管与管板的焊接等制造的关键和难点予以质量控制,保证产品质量,使设备按设计要求制造完毕后安全有效地运行。     

在用工业管道焊接缺陷的识别和自身高度的测量

在用工业管道定期检验划分安全状况等级时,须确定焊接缺陷性质和自身高度,当采用射线检测和超声检测时,缺陷具有不同的特征和自身高度的测量方法。通过分析射线检测和超声波检测,夹渣、未焊透、未熔合缺陷的识别方法和自身高度的测量,总结出根据缺陷的产生部位、缺陷的性质、缺陷的方向选择无损检测方法,综合运用射线检测技术和超声检测技术。     

X80管线钢管的屈强比对其失效评估曲线的影响

X80及以上级别管线钢管的高屈强比是工程应用中的一个突出问题,失效评估曲线是其安全评定的重要依据。文中通过单轴拉伸和断裂韧性试验建立了高屈强比X80管线钢管的特征失效评估图及拟合方程。结果表明：随着钢管屈强比升高,失效评估曲线的截至线（最大载荷比）降低;高、低屈强比钢管的评估曲线在载荷比大于某一临界值时发生分离,且高屈强比钢管的评估曲线处于低屈强比钢管的评估曲线之下;高屈强比钢管的选择3评估曲线比选择1和选择2曲线更偏于安全。