湘江长沙综合枢纽平面布置研究

在通航河流上修建枢纽综合利用工程,由于受到河段河势、地形、地质等条件的制约,且这类工程因需同时满足电站、船闸等水工建筑物对水流、泥沙条件的要求,因此在进行总体布置时往往会遇到枢纽中各建筑物布置合理与否问题,需要妥善处理,以便充分发挥各建筑物的功能,取得枢纽的综合效益。湘江长沙综合枢纽在进行平面布置时作了多方案的比较,提出了较合理的枢纽总体布置方案。文章根据湘江长沙综合枢纽平面布置研究成果,介绍枢纽布置方案的优劣,供同类工程参考。     

某型船用主机汽缸镶台肩套强度分析研究

某船柴油机由于汽缸体缸套装配凸肩出现严重裂纹,在修理时采用镶套的方法进行了修补,文章根据标准对镶套进行常规强度校核和变形的有限元计算,分析表明整个修理方法完全符合要求。     

泡沫轻质混凝土单轴循环加卸载试验研究

为研究循环加卸载对泡沫轻质混凝土力学性能的影响,采用微机控制电子万能试验机对湿密度为700 kg/m~3的泡沫轻质混凝土试样开展3组方案的循环加卸载试验,重点研究循环加卸载对其应力-应变曲线、峰值强度、弹性模量的影响。研究结果表明:随着循环加卸载的进行,应力-应变曲线出现不断迁移的现象,且对于3种试验方案,第一次循环加卸载引起的迁移值最大,而后,采用加卸载方案1、方案2,迁移值随着加卸载次数增加而减小,采用加卸载方案3,迁移值随着加卸载次数的增加先减小后增加;对于3种加卸载方案,峰值强度随着加载幅值的增加而增大,且随着循环加卸载次数的增加而增大;对于3种加卸载方案,第1次加卸载对弹性模量影响最大,而后,对于试验方案1、方案2,弹性模量随着循环加卸载次数的增加而增加,而对于试验方案3,弹性模量随着循环加卸载次数的增加而减小。     

不同信息下的逐日路径选择行为实验与模型

为研究先进出行者信息系统(ATIS)对出行者逐日路径选择行为的影响，本文基于 Braess路网设计5组具有不同ATIS市场占有率(0、25%、50%、75%、100%)的行为实验.结果表明：3条路径的流量及新增路径保持选择的次数持续波动，随着ATIS市场占有率增大，路网平均行程时间趋于用户均衡，新增路径保持选择的次数呈现增长趋势，且被试对新增路径的选择性偏好增强，Braess悖论的效果也更明显.基于5组实验数据，分别建立普通Logit模型和基于面板数据的随机效应Logit模型刻画路径选择行为.结果表明：当ATIS市场占有率为0时，最佳模型为普通Logit模型；当ATIS市场占有率增大甚至达到100%时，最佳模型均为随机效应Logit模型；未配备ATIS的出行者的个体差异性比配备ATIS的小.     

PEG/SiO2型控温相变沥青混合料的性能

为了解决沥青路面的高温病害,以相变材料等体积替代沥青混合料中的一部分细集料,希望通过相变材料自身的相变过程来调节路面温度。试验得出:掺入相变材料后,混合料的降温效果最大可达到6℃,持续时间约3 h。试验结果显示混合料的马歇尔稳定度下降,流值上升,低温性能及水稳定性均有一定下降,但是仍满足规范要求;进行的车辙试验效果不理想,高温稳定性下降较多。说明了掺入相变材料可以对沥青混合料进行温度调控,但是在一定程度上降低了混合料的性能。     

Stated choices and benefit estimates in the context of traffic calming schemes: Utility maximization,regret minimization,or both?

This paper proposes a discrete mixture model which assigns individuals, up to a probability, to either a class of random utility (RU) maximizers or a class of random regret (RR) minimizers, on the basis of their sequence of observed choices. Our proposed model advances the state of the art of RU–RR mixture models by (i) adding and simultaneously estimating a membership model which predicts the probability of belonging to a RU or RR class; (ii) adding a layer of random taste heterogeneity within each behavioural class; and (iii) deriving a welfare measure associated with the RU–RR mixture model and consistent with referendum-voting, which is the adequate mechanism of provision for such local public goods. The context of our empirical application is a stated choice experiment concerning traffic calming schemes. We find that the random parameter RU–RR mixture model not only outperforms its fixed coefficient counterpart in terms of fit—as expected—but also in terms of plausibility of membership determinants of behavioural class. In line with psychological theories of regret, we find that, compared to respondents who are familiar with the choice context (i.e. the traffic calming scheme), unfamiliar respondents are more likely to be regret minimizers than utility maximizers.     

椭圆管状铆钉自冲铆接工艺研究

以椭圆管状铆钉为研究对象,利用正交试验设计方法,针对铆接件的3种接头形式进行了单向拉伸试验,分析了不同铆接接头形式的载荷-行程曲线变化趋势。采用极差分析法和方差分析法,分析了椭圆管状铆钉的壁厚、高度、向心率、铆钉放置形式、端面角度以及板料厚度组合等参数对接头强度和剖面质量的影响,确定了合理的工艺参数组合方案,从而获得良好的自冲铆接接头力学性能。     

Walking-distance introduced queueing model for pedestrian queueing system: Theoretical analysis and experimental verification

We have introduced the effect of delay in walking from the head of a queue to the service windows in the queueing model and obtain a suitable type of queueing system under various conditions by both computational simulation and theoretical analysis. When there are multiple service windows, the queueing theory indicates that mean waiting time in a fork-type queueing system (Fork), which collects pedestrians into a single queue, is smaller than that in a parallel-type queueing system (Parallel), i.e., queues for each service window. However, in our walking-distance introduced queueing model, we have examined that mean waiting time in Parallel becomes smaller when both the arrival probability of pedestrians and the effect of walking distance are large. Moreover, enhanced Forks, which shorten waiting time by reducing the effect of walking distance, are considered, and parts of our results are also verified by real queueing experiments.     

Patterns of motorization development and next-generation mobility systems

This paper discusses the appropriateness of the “3-stage urban transport policy development cycle” hypothesis proposed by Professor Peter Jones and the importance of both local development context and motorization transport culture in transport policy. It then makes some observations on the future prospects for sustainable cities and transport through major technological innovations in connected and autonomous vehicles, that is, in “Auto Sapiens” as next generation vehicles.     

预制综合管廊橡胶密封垫受压性能研究及断面设计

为解决预制综合管廊橡胶密封垫断面形式对橡胶密封垫压缩性能的影响问题,基于橡胶密封垫压缩试验,结合通用有限元数值模拟软件MSC.Marc,将试验结果与数值模拟结果进行对比,证明采用有限元方法模拟橡胶压缩过程以及分析橡胶密封垫受压性能的可靠性。然后,利用有限元软件MSC.Marc探讨不同开槽和开孔形式对橡胶密封垫受压性能的影响。结果表明： 1）当橡胶密封垫的压缩度为50%时,随着开槽面积和开孔面积的增大,接触应力以及装配力减小; 2）当开槽面积相同时,接触应力和装配力受开槽数量的影响较小,受开槽形状的影响较大; 3）当开孔面积相同时,开孔数量以及排列方式对接触应力和装配力有一定的影响。