提速客车转向架转臂的拓扑优化设计

为设计出易于安装及落车的提速客车转向架转臂结构,基于变密度法和非线性接触有限元法对转臂进行了拓扑优化和强度分析。以HyperMesh/Optistruct为拓扑优化分析平台,创建了转臂的拓扑优化模型;以I-DEAS软件为多体接触分析平台,建立和分析了新型转臂的多体接触有限元模型。结果表明:新型转臂结构在满足使用强度的要求下,不仅从整体上改善了结构的应力分布,使应力分布更趋均匀,而且转臂的质量也比现有结构的质量下降了9.7%。     

接触有限元模型在摩擦桩沉降计算中的应用

该文介绍了接触有限元模型在摩擦桩沉降计算中的应用。建立ANSYS有限元模型,计算软土地基中摩擦桩在竖向荷载作用下的沉降。该模型土层定义为弹性,以面面接触对模拟桩土接触面,温度荷载模拟土层对桩的侧压力。计算得Q-S曲线与试桩实测资料对比,结果表明,用该方法进行基桩沉降计算是有效的。     

船体板架在水下接触爆炸作用下的破口试验

针对船体中常见的加筋板结构，在矩形方板上运用了3种不同尺寸的T型材，采用“井”字形和“＋＋”字形两种加筋形式设计了4个板架模型，将模型四边刚性固定，在板中央放置炸药，分别对其进行了水下接触爆炸试验。爆炸作用下板架模型均以花瓣形破裂，产生大面积的破口，不同形式和尺寸的加强筋对板架的破坏程度具有不同的影响。通过对破口尺寸和形状的观测，分析了加强筋对破口长度的影响，提出了板架结构加强筋相对刚度Cj的概念，描绘了不同尺寸加强筋在不同炸药量下对板架结构破口范围的影响。同时，对现有的水下接触爆炸作用下的破口长度估算公式进行了修正，给出了考虑加强筋影响的破口计算公式；经过比较，该公式比现有的破口估算公式与试验结果更加吻合。     

秦沈客运专线接触网施工新技术

本文介绍我国第一条时速200～300km/h电气化铁路客运专线接触网工程中采用的主要工序流程、新技术、新工艺、新施工工具、仪器仪表、施工允许偏差和检测技术等。可供今后类似工程借鉴。     

高速电气化铁路的接触网电分相型式探讨

根据目前关节式电分相存在问题，提出一种新型的3个绝缘锚段关节双中性段关节式电分相型式，有效地克服了目前双锚段关节单中性段关节式电分相存在的问题，可较好解决关节式电分相对电力机车受电弓多弓运行条件的限制。     

Fundamental formulation for frictional contact with graded materials

In the paper, we develop the fundamental solutions for a graded half-plane subjected to concentrated forces acting perpendicularly and parallel to the surface. In the solutions, Young's modulus is assumed to vary in the form of E(y) = E0e(ay) and Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant. On the basis of the fundamental solutions, the singular integral equations are formulated for the unknown traction distributions with Green's function method. From the fundamental integral equations, a series of integral equations for special cases may be deduced corresponding to practical contact situations. The validity of the fundamental solutions and the integral equations is demonstrated with the degenerate solutions and two typical numerical examples.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel-rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

密接式车钩试验装置

介绍了密接式车钩试验装置的组成和试验内容,对试验中遇到的问题提出了解决办法。     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

转向盘多功能按键常见失效模式分析及验证方法

介绍目前国内外常见汽车转向盘多功能按键的外观结构及特点,分析产品常见的几种失效模式,总结汽车转向盘多功能按键在验证时应该关注的几个问题。