Observed and simulated traffic impacts from the 2013 Bay Area Rapid Transit strike

Despite high costs, many cities build public transit to address regional equity, environmental and economic goals. Although public transit accounts for a minority of trips (～5%), the impact is widely felt when service is suspended during a strike through excess road demand and slower journeys. In 2013, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) workers participated in two brief strikes, and the resulting traffic conditions illustrate the value of transit to drivers in the San Francisco Bay Area region. This paper tests the impact of rail transit service interruption on freeway traffic conditions using volumes and travel times. During the strike, regional freeway conditions showed negligible change. However, on facilities that parallel BART service, the impacts are as bad as the worst day of a typical week. Conditions on the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge showed significant impacts with travel times and volumes nearly doubling the baseline median values on the worst day.     

Tradable credits scheme and transit investment optimization for a two‐mode traffic network

This paper proposes an optimization model to minimize the “system costs” and guide travelers' behavior by exploring the optimal bus investment and tradable credits scheme design in a bimodal transportation system. Travelers' transport mode choice behavior (car or bus) and the modal equilibrium conditions between these two forms of transport are studied in the tradable credits scheme. Public transport priority is highlighted by charging car travelers credits only. The economies of scale presented by the transit system under the tradable credit scheme are analyzed by comparing the marginal cost and average cost. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the model. Furthermore, the effects of tradable credits schemes on bus investment and travelers' modal choice behavior are explored based on scenario discussions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surrogate‐based optimization of cordon toll levels in congested traffic networks

The benefit, in terms of social surplus, from introducing congestion charging schemes in urban networks is depending on the design of the charging scheme. The literature on optimal design of congestion pricing schemes is to a large extent based on static traffic assignment, which is known for its deficiency in correctly predict travel times in networks with severe congestion. Dynamic traffic assignment can better predict travel times in a road network, but are more computational expensive. Thus, previously developed methods for the static case cannot be applied straightforward. Surrogate‐based optimization is commonly used for optimization problems with expensive‐to‐evaluate objective functions. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a surrogate‐based optimization method, when the number of pricing schemes, which we can afford to evaluate (because of the computational time), are limited to between 20 and 40. A static traffic assignment model of Stockholm is used for evaluating a large number of different configurations of the surrogate‐based optimization method. Final evaluation is performed with the dynamic traffic assignment tool VisumDUE, coupled with the demand model Regent, for a Stockholm network including 1240 demand zones and 17 000 links. Our results show that the surrogate‐based optimization method can indeed be used for designing a congestion charging scheme, which return a high social surplus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于能耗测度的道路拥挤收费模型

分别建立了考虑能源消耗与拥挤收费的小汽车广义出行费用及考虑舒适性消耗的 公共汽车广义出行费用,构建了由这两种交通出行方式组成的交通系统总能源消耗函数.考虑 能耗对出行者路径选择行为的影响,建立能耗目标约束下的以出行时间最小为上层目标函数 的双层规划模型,其中上层模型以一定节能水平下的系统延误最小为目标;下层模型满足双 模式交通网络的随机用户平衡,并采用遗传算法和Frank-Wolfe 算法求解.通过算例,将道路拥 堵收费及节能目标抽象化后代入模型,探讨了道路收费前后交通能耗变化及在不同的节能目 标情况下,道路拥堵收费的节能效果.计算结果表明,在交通需求量较大时,实施道路拥挤收费 有利于减少交通能耗,当节能目标小于25%且同时采取道路收费时,路网出行时间都会相应 减少.     

基于复杂网络的城市交通拥塞因子风险传播机理及其应用研究

为了解城市交通拥塞因子风险传播特性,提升拥塞风险控制能力,依据昆明市路网拥塞实际调查数据,利用Pearson相关系数分析风险影响因子间的相关性,构建交通拥塞因子风险复杂网络.通过软件gephi0.9.2计算复杂网络各指标,验证网络的可行性和适用性.计算网络节点的相关指标进而引入网络节点重要度k的概念,据此将网络节点划分...     

盘锦市普通公路工程招标投标报价策略研究

本文分析了盘锦市普通公路工程造价构成的特点,提出了投标报价的可行策略,为投标单位确定有竞争力的投标报价提供了指导意见。     

杭州地铁换乘站人员疏散潜在障碍实测研究

分析杭州地铁换乘站凤起路与火车东站站点已经存在和可能存在的客流拥堵情况,设计现场观测布点方案,通过对闸口、换乘通道、扶梯口等节点处乘客行为特征关键数据的现场视频采集和观测统计,定量地给出地铁凤起路换乘站点的安全隐患:约19％低头看手机的乘客会降低客流速度,并会造成拥堵或诱发潜在安全风险;仅16.4％的乘客自愿走扶梯,大...     

基于机器学习的锂离子电池荷电状态多步预测

先进电池管理技术依赖于对未来一段时间荷电状态变化的预测，难点在于误差积累和时间依赖性降低引起的预测精度下降。提出采用机器学习结合多步预测策略来提升荷电状态多步预测精度，利用实际锂电池数据研究了不同多步预测策略的效果。结果表明，实际锂电池荷电状态预测在充电过程中具有显著线性特性，放电过程表现出非线性特性。预测步长为 15个时，LR模型、KNN模型、RF模型的 MAPE均低于 6%，R2均大于 0.90。线性回归结合 MIMO策略具有最大的实际应用潜力。     

合肥市高新区某区域交通改善研究

以合肥市高新区某区域交通拥堵改善研究着手，通过分析现状道路交通拥堵原因，提出深挖现有路网潜力、加强路面停车管理、优化交通组织结构以及对现状道路进行局部改造等一系列建议，力争在较少的工程投资下最大限度地释放道路通行能力。所提建议对城市道路交通改善研究和改造具有一定借鉴意义。     

单轴受压后混凝土导电量变化规律研究

采用ASTM C1202直流电量法探讨混凝土在单轴受压后产生的微裂纹对混凝土导电量及其渗透性能的影响。研究结果表明:各类试样在经过不同水平的压缩荷载后,其导电量都有不同程度的提高,导电量随着荷载水平的增加呈二次曲线增长,同等荷载水平下,掺合料混凝土的导电量要低于普通混凝土;随着荷载提高至某一水平,其导电量水平已不能反映其抗渗性能,此时,将荷载后试块的实际氯离子迁移量,作为评价混凝土荷载后渗透性能的一个指标将更为恰当。