陕西省铁路网规模测算研究

铁路网规模测算是铁路网规划的主要内容。该文在分析铁路网规模影响因素及常用预测方法的基础上,采用连通度法、国际比较法、多元回归法和运输负荷法对陕西省铁路网规模进行测算研究和修正,得出陕西省铁路网未来年的适宜规模,为科学地规划铁路网提供理论依据和决策参考。     

On the network connectivity of platoon-based vehicular cyber-physical systems

In the past few years, vehicular ad hoc networking (VANET) has attracted significant attention and many fundamental issues have been investigated, such as network connectivity, medium access control (MAC) mechanism, routing protocol, and quality of service (QoS). Nevertheless, most related work has been based on simplified assumptions on the underlying vehicle traffic dynamics, which has a tight interaction with VANET in practice. In this paper, we try to investigate VANET performance from the vehicular cyber-physical system (VCPS) perspective. Specifically, we consider VANET connectivity of platoon-based VCPSs where all vehicles drive in platoon-based patterns, which facilitate better traffic performance as well as information services. We first propose a novel architecture for platoon-based VCPSs, then we derive the vehicle distribution under platoon-based driving patterns on a highway. Based on the results, we further investigate inter-platoon connectivity in a bi-directional highway scenario and evaluate the expected time of safety message delivery among platoons, taking into account the effects of system parameters, such as traffic flow, velocity, platoon size and transmission range. Extensive simulations are conducted which validate the accuracy of our analysis. This study will be helpful to understand the behavior of VCPSs, and will be helpful to improve vehicle platoon design and deployment.     

Perceived accessibility,mobility, and connectivity of public transportation systems

Although public transportation is considered effective at reducing the external cost of driving private vehicles, many urbanites do not use public transportation. This study develops measures employing accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity for an entire public transportation service chain as indicators for evaluating public transport services, prioritizes underperforming scenarios from the perspective of urban travelers, and derives various market segmentation strategies that consider different socio-demographic characteristics. A conceptual model is set up herein to assess these latent constructs that describe unobservable and immeasurable characteristics. As a Likert ordinal scale can generate misleading statistical inferences, the Rasch model is used to eliminate bias generated by an ordinal scale when measuring these three latent constructs separately. The Rasch model compares person parameters with item parameters, which are then subjected to logarithmic transformation along a logit scale so as to recognize specific difficulties of service scenarios that cannot be easily eliminated by certain urban travelers. The multidimensional Rasch model also measures the perceptions of urban travelers in terms of the interactions between accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity of this public transportation system. While comparing urban travelers of two large cities in Taiwan, Taipei and Kaohsiung, the empirical results demonstrate that perceived accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity differ based on travelers’ age, frequency of weekly sports activities, and environmental awareness. This paper also advances appropriate improvement strategies and provides policy suggestions for urban planners, public transportation service operation agencies, and policy makers when they seek to create user-friendly public transportation services. The proposed approach can be generalized in other cities by considering their local context uniqueness and further evaluating their public transport services.     

Non‐physical barriers to traffic flow and the PTA programme of action: problems and prospects

A lot of resources have .been committed to the provision of transport infrastructure in Eastern and Southern Africa. Some of these resources have been borrowed from outside and have to be repaid. Hence the need to maximize their use. However, this is being minimized by non‐infrastructural bottlenecks to traffic flow. These range from macro‐economic constraints with implications for passenger (bus) transport such as the non‐availability or acute shortage of foreign exchange to slow, cumbersome documentation procedures particularly for cross‐border traffic.

The Preferential Trade Area (PTA) for Eastern and Southern Africa is geared to the reduction and eventual elimination of actual and potential non‐physical barriers to traffic flow, for which it has instituted a number of schemes. After introductory remarks on the sub‐regional economy, its transport sector and avenues for sub‐regional cooperation and the implementation of these schemes is assessed and other non‐physical barriers yet to be addressed by the PTA are examined before conclusions are drawn.     

基于图像连通性的自适应水印同步方案

为提高水印的鲁棒性和安全性,提出了基于图像连通性的自适应水印同步方案.该方案根据图像的连通性得到连通对象,选取较大的连通对象的重心作为水印嵌入的参考点.利用图像的连通性具有拓扑不变性以及图像的重心比较稳定的特性保证水印检测的自适应同步.用作水印嵌入的参考点的高度稳定性,使得该方案不仅对常见图像处理时,而且对全局和局部几何攻击均呈现了较强的鲁棒性.     

未来潜艇协同作战信息连通技术发展研究

随着潜艇执行任务和使命越来越依靠网络中心战,潜艇通信系统随之发展,潜艇将更加依赖稳固、安全和能快速传输数据的通信系统,以确保协同作战中与其他海军平台、艇外传感器、卫星和其他系统的连通性。潜艇不但需要为自身收集重要信息、还需要处理来自空中、水面和水下的信息情报。介绍了目前国内外潜艇通信技术及弱点,然后介绍了几种协同作战中潜艇信息连通技术,提出信息连通技术能力要求,最后展望了未来潜艇信息连通技术的发展。     

基于连通能力的区域公路网的连通度研究

由于受公路技术等级、功能差异和地区经济发展不平衡的影响,传统连通度和模糊连通度的计算方法很难真实反映区域公路网的连通状况．基于公路适应交通量、公路重要度和节点重要度对连通能力的影响进行分析,分别对节点连通度和网络连通度的定义做新的描述,提出区域公路网连通度的计算模型．通过实例表明,考虑连通能力的区域公路网连通度计算模型不仅能真实反映区域公路网的结构性能,而且还可以对节点连通度进行排序,深化了连通度的内涵,有助于为区域交通规划提供决策参考．     

基于Vine Copula的原油海运网络中节点连通可靠性研究

为评价各突发事件相互关联时的原油海运网络中关键节点的连通可靠性,引入vine copula构建各突发事件的联合分布,并基于各突发事件的联合分布和条件分布进行节点连通可靠性评估.以马六甲海峡为例进行案例分析,结果表明：节点隶属国家政局不稳定及军事冲突与海盗及海上恐怖主义间具有对称的尾部相关性,而海盗及海上恐怖主义和船舶交通事故分别与恶劣天气具有下尾相关性.此外,在节点隶属国家政局不稳定及军事冲突、恶劣天气和海盗及海上恐怖主义的作用下,马六甲海峡的连通可靠性较低,仅为0.239 5;而在节点隶属国家政局不稳定及军事冲突、恶劣天气和船舶交通事故的作用下,马六甲海峡的连通可靠性相对较高.     

多网联范围下的智能网联车换道决策组合模型研究

为提升不同网联范围下智能网联车(Intelligent Connected Vehicles, ICV)的换道效率,结合深度强化学习和分子动力学理论,提出一种融合掩码机制和注意力机制的双深度Q网络(MaskAttention-DDQN, MAQ)换道决策模型。首先,在SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility)仿真环境中采集网联范围内ICV及人工驾驶车辆(Human Drive Vehicles, HDV)的行驶状态信息。其次,搭建MAQ模型,采用掩码机制和注意力机制方法,实现固定模型输入大小,以及实现置换不变性。第三,为实现车辆间影响程度的数值化,以车辆间相对速度和相对位置为参数,使用分子动力学理论为网联范围内HDV信息赋予权重。最后,分别在不同交通密度仿真环境中对不同换道决策模型和赋权方法进行对比,并测试ICV在不同网联范围(80~330 m,以50 m为间隔)下的换道决策效果。仿真结果表明,以40辆HDV、100m网联范围为例,MAQ模型比DeepSet-Q模型拟合精度提高了90.2%;分子动力学赋权方法相比线性权重赋权方法总奖励值提高了5.5%,ICV平均车速提高了4.8%;ICV平均车速随着网联范围的扩大,呈现出先增大、再减小、后趋于平稳的变化规律。     

京珠高速公路洋碰隧道水害原因分析及安全性评价

针对降雨引发的岩溶地区隧道水害影响隧道运营安全问题,以京珠高速公路洋碰隧道为例,通过地质勘探与水连通试验,探明隧址区不良地质情况与水连通特性,采用数值仿真方法探究雨后高水压下隧道结构应力场、渗流场的特征规律,并结合病害情况提出整治措施。研究结果表明: 1)地表强降雨、地层岩溶发育、灌入式雨水下渗通道是此次水害的主要原因,而这些原因综合导致的隧道外水压力过高是病害发生的直接原因; 2)由于排水能力相对不足,地层高水头下隧道结构(尤其是隧底和拱顶)仍承受较高水压力,大幅削弱了衬砌结构安全性,易引发边墙、隧底的裂损问题; 3)采取“增设泄水廊道+地表封堵及引流+增设边墙泄水孔”的整治措施后,整治效果良好。