解纯对流方程几种向后特征差分格式的比较

介绍了几种向后特征差分格式,用两个典型算例对这几种特征差分格式的计算精度进行了分析比较,计算结果表明,随着插值结点的增多,差分格式的计算精度也越来越高但计算效率却越来越低;具有尖峰剖面与具有缓平剖面的对流方程,其最适宜的特征差分格式各不相同。     

The Effect of Circulation Fan on Energy Consumption in Nature Convective Refrigerator-Freezer

The effect of the circulation fan installed in fresh food compartment on energy consumption of natural convective refrigerator/freezers (RFs) was experimentally studied. Five different RF models with different cycles were tested. The experimental results showed that the energy consumption of the single-loop cycle RF increased by 2.4%~3.8%, that of the bypass two-circuit cycle RF decreased by 1.0%, and that of the two-circuit cycle RF with its evaporators in parallel when the geometry parameters of refrigeration system and the refrigerant charge were not changed after the circulation fan was installed decreased by 3.3%. When the optimization on the refrigerant charge and the evaporator was carried out, the energy consumption of the single-loop cycle RF , the bypass two-circuit cycle RF and the two-circuit cycle RF with its evaporators in parallel, decreased by 1.0%~6.4%, 3.25% and 3.26% respectively. The present conclusions will provide a guideline to the optimum design for the RF with the circulation fan.     

对流换热系数的反求方法

针对对流换热系数影响因素多，求解困难，传统的数值计算多采用试凑法，人工修改对流换热系数，使最后边界温度的计算值与测量值吻合，但是收敛缓慢耗费人工．基于反问题分析原理，结合无约束优化思想，提出了一种求解对流换热系数的方法，解决了这一问题．     

块石路堤、护坡导热系数的实验研究

讨论了块石路堤、护坡试样在表面温度周期波动时自然对流产生的条件,分析了开放系统和封闭系统块石试样内部的热传输机理,以说明其热扩散系数和导热系数的确定方法。指出开放系统的试样由于传热形式不单一而不利于热扩散系数和导热系统的精确测定,而封闭系统试样内部的传热形式以热传导为主。结果表明,可用封闭系统的细长圆柱试样来测试路堤、护坡块石的热扩散系数和导热系数。     

基于污染源浓度随时间衰减的土壤污染物运移模型

在实际工程中,无论是垃圾填埋场渗滤液浓度还是疏浚堆场底泥浓度,随着时间的增长,都是会呈现某种衰减变化的规律．本文论述了基于污染源浓度随时间衰减指数形式的初步研究成果,并给出了所建污染物运移模型的解析解．并根据模型解对污染物在北京地区不同类型的土壤：黏土、重粉质黏土、粉质黏土和黏质粉土中的运移情况进行了模拟计算．     

About process times in some deepwater formation events in the Mediterranean Sea

Experimental data gathered on some Mediterranean deepwater formation sites have been analysed in order to check the Chapman (Ch), Visbeck and Maxworthy scale laws, their final mixing water depth and process times estimates. All the analysed sites have a high probability to be “internally constrained” so that the baroclinic Rossby radius is the dominant horizontal length scale and the final chimney depth is independent of the rate of rotation as indicated by Visbeck and Maxworthy criteria; the Eady instability times are generally very fast (3/f) but the least final mixing process times are too long compared with the meteorological forcing ones. It is attempted here to identify some new criteria to give some insight on the processes time scale, which is still an open problem. Conclusions about the Rhodes gyre appear questionable, because the experimental data appear inconsistent with any theoretical criterion.     

带阻尼条的永磁无刷直流电机转子温度场分析

随着永磁电机的单机容量和功率密度不断增大,使得电机运行时产生的单位体积损耗显著增加.引起电机各部分温度升高,这直接影响电机的寿命和运行的可靠性.大型永磁电机的实际运行是一个非常复杂的物理过程,为了准确地描述这一物理过程,从包括电磁场和温度场在内的多场耦合的角度进行分析是必要的.本文采用有限元法围绕永磁电机转子三维温度场进行了系统地研究.     

动车组真空断路器隔声罩自然对流研究

建立了轨道交通动车组真空断路器隔声罩内部自然对流传热计算模型,通过基于有限体积法的计算流体动力学(CFD)计算器进行流固耦合传热计算,得到隔音罩内部温度场和流场数据。计算结果表明,发热电阻内部最高温度可达到99℃,已超出真空断路器发热电阻的工作温度范围。提出了两种改进方法,并进行了计算对比。其中将原模型不锈钢材料替换为导热性能更优的铝合金材料的改进方法可以将发热电阻温度降为52℃左右,能满足发热电阻工作温度范围要求。     

Evidence of double diffusion in the East China Sea

Double diffusion is an important phenomenon induced by the difference between the thermal conducting coefficient of the molecule and haline diffusive coefficient. Warm, salty water overlying cold, fresh water induces salt finger. On the contrary, when cold, fresh water overlies warm, salty water, diffusive convection occurs. In the East China Sea, double diffusion was observed during a cruise in September 2003. In order to describe the phenomenon precisely, Turner (TU) angle values are calculated station by station at Section YT. TU angle is a practical tool to indicate the water states. Different TU angle values represent salt finger, diffusive convection and stable stratification respectively. We map the distributions of the two forms of double diffusion at Section YT, and determine that the physical mechanism of the phenomenon is the mixing of water masses. The Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) has great effect on the mixing of water masses, and the Kuroshio Water System dominates on the continental slope. Temperature and salinity varied in a manner consistent with double diffusion.     

利用FLUENT软件模拟计算含蜡原油管道的停输降温过程

研究含蜡原油管道的停输降温过程,对确定安全停输时间、提出再启动方案以及制订停输检修计划具有重要的指导作用.介绍了利用FLUENT软件模拟求解含蜡原油管道停输降温问题的方法,将双边壁面设为耦合壁面,不需要再单独设定边界条件;将析蜡潜热转化为附加原油比热容,不需要跟踪固液相界面的移动.通过与实验结果进行对比,表明该方法能够准确地计算出任一时刻管道横截面上各点的温度,而且能表现出降温过程中自然对流的变化和固液相界面的移动,使得此类问题的求解更加简单.