Operational performance comparison of four unconventional intersection designs using micro‐simulation

Several unconventional intersection designs have been proposed as an innovative approach to mitigate congestion at heavily congested at‐grade signalized intersections. Many of these unconventional designs were shown to outperform conventional intersections in terms of the average control delay and the overall intersection capacity. Little research has been conducted to compare the performance of these unconventional intersections to each other under different volume conditions. This study evaluated and compared the operational performance of four unconventional intersection schemes: the crossover displaced left‐turn (XDL), the upstream signalized crossover (USC), the double crossover intersection (DXI) (i.e., half USC), and the median U‐turn (MUT). The micro‐simulation software vissim (PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, Karlsruhe, Germany) was used to model and analyze the four unconventional intersections as well as a counterpart conventional one. The results showed that the XDL intersection constantly exhibited the lowest delays at nearly all tested balanced and unbalanced volume levels. The operational performance of both the USC and the DXI was similar in most volume conditions. The MUT design, on the other hand, was unable to accommodate high approach volumes and heavy left‐turn traffic. The capacity of the XDL intersection was found to be 99% higher than that of the conventional intersection, whereas the capacity of the USC and the DXI intersections was about 50% higher than that of the conventional intersection. The results of this study can provide guidance on choosing among alternative unconventional designs according to the prevailing traffic conditions at an intersection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

协调路口划分对交通控制效果的影响分析

基于Synchro软件对干线协调的路口进行恰当地划分,Synchro软件中用协调因子来衡量相邻路口间是否需要实行协调控制,协调因子的计算主要考虑行程时间、距离、流量、车队形式、周期时长等因素;然后分析了干线协调优化逻辑,并用交通仿真的方法分析不同划分策略对控制效果的影响,并选取最佳的划分;对六一路全线11个交叉口进行案例分析,Synchro在协调路口划分中的有效性得到验证.结果表明协调路口划分会显著地影响整个网络中车辆的延误和停车次数,不恰当的划分会导致延误大幅增加.但不论哪种划分方式,都会显著减小主路和整个网络的停车次数.最佳的划分方式使整个网络延误降低10％,平均停车次数降低11％.     

基于NSGA-Ⅱ的接运公交线路与时刻表协调优化方法

在公交规划研究中,常将公交网络规划问题分解为公交路线设计和行车时刻表设计,并尝试运用非传统优化方法解决,但对于多种公交模式换乘背景下的公交线路与时刻表协调优化问题的研究较为缺乏.文中以直接服务于轨道交通的接运公交为研究对象,在实现接运公交与轨道交通的有效衔接条件下,构建接运公交的路线选择与时刻表协调优化模型,并设计基于非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）的多目标优化算法对模型进行求解,实现接运公交路线与时刻表的协同编制,并通过实例分析检验模型.     

信号控制平面交叉口非机动车交通安全分析

运用统计方法研究非机动车与机动车的交通冲突,分析了非机动车在信号控制道路平面交叉口的交通安全.研究表明,非机动车交通流率的增加将导致非机动车和机动车交通冲突的增加.对于机动车车头时距和非机动车及机动车的行驶速度而言,存在一个非机动车和机动车交通冲突的高发区域;而在该区域的左右两侧,交通冲突趋于减少.最后,针对非机动车交通安全的内在机理提出5项改善措施.     

考虑动态红灯排队消散时间的改进MAXBAND模型

通过分析上游交叉口的驶出车流图式的变化规律,得到下游交叉口红灯排队消散时间与相邻交叉口相位差之间的函数关系,推导出动态红灯排队消散时间模型.并将动态红灯排队消散时间模型与传统MAXBAND模型相合,考虑绿波带控制中红灯排队消散时间随相位差的动态变化,建立了改进的MAXBAND模型.将改进的MAXBAND模型进行变量代换,使其仍然可用传统的混合整数线性规划方法快速地求解.示例路网的计算结果与仿真分析表明,由于考虑了红灯排队消散时间的动态变化,改进的MAXBAND模型较原模型具有更好的控制效果,处于绿波带中的车队不会因下游红灯排队车辆未消散完毕而产生停滞,实际有效绿波带宽增加31.6%,主干方向车辆平均延误减少12.6%.     

Surface reconstruction of scanned human body using radial basis functions and adaptive partition of unity

It is important to reconstruct a continuous surface representation of the point cloud scanned from a human body. In this paper a new implicit surface method is proposed to reconstruct the human body surface from the points based on the combination of radial basis functions (RBFs) and adaptive partition of unity (PoU). The whole 3D domain of the scanned human body is firstly subdivided into a set of overlapping subdomains based on the improved octrees. The smooth local surfaces are then computed in the subdomains based on RBFs. And finally the global human body surface is reconstructed by blending the local surfaces with the adaptive PoU functions. This method is robust for the surface reconstruction of the scanned human body even with large or non-uniform point cloud which has a sharp density variation. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575139) and the Shanghai Special Fund of Informatization (No. 088)     

基于冲突的公路平面交叉口驾驶行为研究

考虑每种驾驶行为对交叉口安全产生的影响不同,采用数据统计的方法赋予每种驾驶行为不同的权重。依据实际调查数据,统计分析交叉口各种驾驶行为的分布,提出驾驶行为特征值的分析方法和模型,并以驾驶行为特征值为自变量,建立了驾驶行为与冲突的关系模型,模型表明冲突率和驾驶行为特征值能够较好的符合线性关系．     

一种基于信息融合的跟随驾驶行为协同仿真模型

基于信息融合技术模拟驾驶人信息感知、分析决策和车辆控制的全过程,建立跟随驾驶协同仿真模型.模型以动态交通信息为输入,设计单个神经元仿真驾驶人对感知信息的筛选,采用模糊径向基高斯神经网络提取驾驶行为特征向量,应用模糊积分法模拟驾驶人对信息的分析和决策过程,输出为车辆控制状态.离线检验结果表明,该模型能较好地描述跟随车状态变化,具有较高的精度.     

基于混杂模糊切换的快速路区域协调控制研究

基于对城市快速路出入口匝道及辅路交叉口的交通流特性分析,利用混杂自动机原理建立了交叉口混杂切换系统模型,并结合出入口匝道的交通流密度来协调交叉口的信号控制.提出了应用模糊逻辑的方法来优化交叉口的相位切换顺序,并用Paramics微观交通仿真软件进行了仿真.结果表明该算法能一定程度上提高车辆的平均速度,是解决城市交通区域拥挤的一种有效方法.