采油厂井下作业成本单井核算模式研究

采油厂实行井下作业成本单井核算,从细化成本管理角度出发,划小了成本核算单元,能够从多角度、深层次开展投入产出分析,为加强井下作业成本控制创造了条件。实施井下作业成本核算不仅需要建立和完善内部管理制度,还要有必要的信息系统予以支撑。为使井下作业成本单井核算模式发挥作用,企业应该科学地规划业务流程和信息系统。     

高速公路养护成本预测模型

为了降低高速公路养护成本,运用边际成本管理原理,建立高速公路交通流量、道路长度与养护成本之间的多元回归分析数学模型,针对预防养护和专项工程养护方式,运用统计方法,推导了各项因素的边际成本表达式,提出高速公路养护作业成本的预测模型及成本管理的边际成本和弹性指数的概念,计算了交通流量、道路长度与养护成本相关的弹性指数,分析了与交通流量相关的高速公路养护费用经济指标。计算结果表明:交通流量和高速公路长度对养护维修成本起决定作用,维修费用随交通流量和道路长度成对数关系变化,而高速公路养护维修平均费用随着交通流量增加而降低。     

基于动态网格模型的航线自动生成算法

为了充分利用电子海图信息,进行航线设计,提出了基于动态网格模型的航线自动生成算法。采用一个判断网格模型中方格可航性的快速算法,对方格的可航性进行分类;给出了一个有效地使用8个字节表示邻接方格8个方向的编码方法,使邻接方格的连通性与字节的逻辑操作相对应;提出了网格路径权序列均匀度概念,给出了距离等长路径的优选方法,分析了路径与所对应的实际航路长度的差异;基于二分查找法,求出航线上所有转向点的路径方格序列。研究结果表明:基于动态网格模型所生成的航线可避开危险的障碍物,是合理、安全的。     

航空公司机队集中调度的成本分析

机队集中调度能够提高机队调度的质量和效率,但目前缺乏评估机队调度质量的技术经济指标.本文提出飞机-航班节分配成本的概念作为其评估指标,分析该成本的三个组成:航班直接运行成本、航班溢出成本和罚成本,并根据航空运输协会工作组提出的成本理论得出航班直接运行成本,构造旅客溢出的概率模型,引入罚成本的相关系数.     

玻璃纤维格栅在旧路改造中的应用

使用玻纤格栅加筋沥青混凝土路面,其施工工艺简单、易于操作,便于推广且具有可减少路面车辙,提高沥青混凝土路面结构强度的性能,同时可有效抑制反射裂缝,延迟路面疲劳损坏,达到延长路面施工寿命的目的.     

玻纤格栅在旧水泥砼路面加铺沥青砼罩面中的应用

玻纤格栅用于水泥砼路面加固补强防治裂缝等病害方法,在国内仍处于初步阶段,科学合理的设计方案更有待于在实践中逐步完善.近几年的工程实践证明,在旧水泥砼路面加固补强中使用玻纤格栅能有效抑制和减缓由旧路面对罩面沥青砼的反射裂缝,延长路面的使用寿命,从而减少道路养护费用,提高道路运营综合效益,具有广泛的应用前景.     

基于谐波平衡法的Broyden网格分区迭代算法

在融合Broyden算法与网格分区思想的基础上,提出一种基于谐波平衡法且适用于对间隙型非线性动力系统进行频响特性分析的新型Broyden网格迭代算法.阐述了Broyden网格迭代算法的基本思想与计算流程.对决定该算法有效性的Broyden算法发散特性及不完整变量循环迭代过程等关键特性进行了分析与讨论.通过与相关文献采用的二分法所得的同等条件下的计算结果进行对比,证明该算法比二分法具有更好引导性与更全面的求解能力.通过网格分区的引导,该方法避免了数值迭代方法中普遍面临的迭代初值的盲目选择问题,为基于谐波平衡法全面考察间隙型非线性动力系统的频响特性提供了新途径.     

A stochastic optimization approach for the selection of reflective cracking mitigation techniques

PurposeIn Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) overlays, the existing cracks in the underlying pavements can propagate upward to the new added overlay and may cause Reflective Cracks (RC). These cracks allow water infiltration to the underlying layers and causes further moisture damage as well as weakening the unbound layers. Over the years, several methods have been developed for mitigating the RCs. This study aims to investigate the current reflective cracking mitigation methods and develop a methodology for the selection of appropriate mitigation technique. The developed model is then applied to a case study in the state of Florida.MethodTo accomplish this goal, a nationwide literature review was conducted to better understand the current in practice methods in the United States. Moreover, a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) in five different road types was performed to find the annuity of roadway rehabilitation for each of the mitigation methods. The uncertainty in the LCCA results is represented using Exploratory Modeling and Analysis (EMA) method. Then through a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model, a stochastic optimization model was developed to find the appropriate reflective cracking mitigation solution under Florida’s climate and road conditions, based on different cost and performance weights.ResultsBased on the available data for the state of Florida, the LCCA results indicate that the annuity of maintaining the roadway with Fabrics and ISAC are lower compared to other methods. However, the results of stochastic optimization model reveal that while looking at the performance and cost at the same time, different methods would be more feasible. For instance, while the cost of the used method does not matter at all and only performance matters, STRATA® is more probable to be the appropriate mitigation technique. The findings of this research are critical for decision makers to better understand the most cost-effective mitigation technique in different conditions.     

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures

ABSTRACT

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures links costs to system performance by combining a power-law function with time-dependent queueing analysis. Additionally, the model incorporates the marginal cost of capacity, including the effects of economies of scale. This allows the calculation of the marginal cost price under a dynamic framework. The model accounts for nonlinear behaviour of port demand, which is sensitive to price and service levels. The effects over time of cost and service levels on the port’s operational performance are quantified. The proposed model allows determining the optimal timing for capacity investment. The model is a starting point for the application of marginal cost pricing to ports. However, for practical application of such pricing method it is necessary to apply a system’s approach, as productivity and costs must be assessed at the terminal’s component level. This should allow the derivation of a marginal cost function at the terminal’s component level.     

公路施工项目成本管理实证分析

结合实际工程，在项目成本管理过程中，综合运用目标成本法和作业成本法，使项目成本分析做到全面、透彻，取得了良好的效果。