乘用车正面碰撞性能优化仿真研究

本文以某车型为例,利用Pam-Crash这一专业碰撞分析软件进行了正面碰撞仿真优化研究,提出了正面碰撞的评价指标,分别从纵梁能量吸收、B柱加速度、防火墙侵入量等方面着手,研究优化方案,仿真结果表明,改进方案有效提升了正面碰撞性能。     

高速动车组碰撞仿真研究

以CRH3动车组为载体,应用碰撞仿真软件PAM-CRASH进行碰撞数值模拟分析,得到CRH3动车组在大变形碰撞时的变形模式及车与车之间的吸能情况、撞击力、撞击作用时间、各车的速度、加速度等一系列参数的变化规律.同时加入假人模型,通过数值仿真,对假人模型各伤害指标进行评价,提出碰撞时人体造成伤害的关键因素,实现车辆的被动安全保护,为企业提供理论依据.     

考虑多维动态特征交互的高速公路实时事故风险建模

为探究天气和道路等特征,以及交通流、天气、道路及时间等多维动态特征之间的交互作用对实时事故风险预测模型精度的影响,本文基于京哈高速公路北京段的事故数据,以及匹配的交通传感器数据、天气数据和道路特征等,构建4个数据集,分别为只包含交通流变量,包含交通流变量、天气及时间特征变量,包含交通流变量、道路及时间特征变量,包含交通流变量、天气、道路及时间特征变量。从考虑多维动态特征的交互效应出发,基于深度交叉网络,提出一种新的实时事故风险预测模型。结果显示,本文所构建的深度交叉网络模型比其他几种实时事故风险预 测方法显示出更高的精度。模型的AUC值(Area Under Curve)可达0.8562,在0.2的概率阈值下, 可以正确分类84.26%的非事故数据和77.55%事故数据。结论表明,本文采用的多维动态特征交互样本条件下的深度交叉网络模型能够有效地预测高速公路交通事故,可为我国高速公路安全管理部门提供理论与技术支持。     

旋转式防撞护栏安全性能典型特征分析

分析旋转式防撞护栏的典型防护机理,进行实车碰撞试验检验,将结果与其他护栏的碰撞试验结果进行对比,揭示其典型安全性能特征,研究结果可为工程项目护栏设计提供参考.     

电动自行车与机动车事故严重性影响因素分析

为减少电动自行车与机动车事故造成的损失，定量剖析不同因素对事故严重程度的差异性影响至关重要。基于上虞区2018年10304起电动自行车与机动车事故，分析该类事故的严重性分布情况和时间与空间分布特性。以事故严重性为因变量，将其有序分为未受伤、轻伤及重伤事故3类，从时间、空间、道路、环境、骑行者及车型6个方面，选取17个事故严重性潜在影响因素， 采用多项Logit模型、有序Logit模型、广义有序Logit模型及偏比例优势模型进行拟合度对比分析，并以最佳模型(偏比例优势模型)和边际效应，量化分析各因素对事故严重性影响的显著性与差异性。结果表明，除节日类型、车道限速、车流相交角及温度对事故严重性影响不显著外，其余 13个因素都有显著影响，事故时间、光线亮度、骑者性别、骑者年龄、车辆类型及电动自行车类型违反平行线假设；对该类事故严重性影响最大的前4个因素为电动自行车类型、机动车类型、骑行者年龄与性别，其边际效应绝对值的最大值均超过61%，事故区位、道路类型及光线亮度的影响较大(20%~30%)，事故时间和风力等级影响较小(10%~20%)，而季节、事故位置、慢行干扰度和天 气状况的影响最小(≤8%)。基于各因素的差异性影响，为交通管理部门提出了有效改善建议。     

关于民航应急保障预案的思考

在论述加强民航应急输送保障预案研究重要意义的基础上,阐述了民航应急输送保障的新特点,拟制民航应急输送保障预案的要求,探讨了应付突发事件民航应急输送保障预案的内容及处置办法。为保证民航在应付突发事件中顺利实施部队应急输送提供理论依据与技术支持。     

汽车追尾碰撞保险杠结构的力学特性

针对交通事故中汽车的碰撞问题,运用动量守恒定理和能量守恒定律着重研究了汽车追尾碰撞情况下,汽车碰撞前部主要的结构吸能的优化方法。基于非线性ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件,分析了在车辆的前纵梁部分薄壁梁表面开矩形吸能孔的可行性,取得了优化的薄壁梁的有限元模型,并利用得到的优化模型进行了保险杠碰撞的力学分析。     

基于HyperWorks的欧洲某型城轨车辆防撞结构的设计

将欧洲某型城轨车辆的三维模型导入Altair HyperWorks软件中,在HyperMesh模块下建立有限元碰撞模型,导入到LS-DYNA中对其进行大变形碰撞仿真。对优化前后结构的仿真结果进行对比分析,确定了防撞结构的设计,验证了车体设计的合理性。     

Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.