Non-fatal spine injuries resulting from motorcycle crashes

This study aims to determine spinal injury patterns and identify crash factors commonly associated with serious spinal injury as a result of motorcycle crashes. Data was retrospectively collected from motorcyclists sustaining spinal injuries from road crashes treated at Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia, over the 5-year period from 2005 to 2009. Each patient's injuries were analyzed by reviewing his or her medical records for radiographic imaging and computed tomography scans.A total of 151 patients were included in this study, of which, males accounted for over 87%. The first lower lumbar (L1) was the most commonly injured vertebral level, followed by the adjacent thoracic vertebra (T12). Fracture to the vertebral body without dislocation was found to be the most frequently observed spinal injury pattern. Injury severities for a majority of patients (65%) were measured at Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) of 2. Serious spinal injury was associated with thorax or upper-extremity injury.Prevalence of lumbar spinal injury in the study reflects a predominantly low-speed crash among the motorcyclist in the region. Motorcyclists are at greater odd to sustain severe spinal injury when directly striking an object compare to striking the ground during the crash event.     

高速公路合理限速对策研究

基于对高速公路运营阶段交通流量的构成及增长分析,得出新建高速公路和非新建高速公路交通流量差异较大,交通特性明显不同,建议应采取不同的限速策略,并分别给出了合理的车速限制建议值。     

国外潜艇事故原因分析及启示

潜艇安全是潜艇执行任务的基础,但是自20世纪90年代以来,世界各国潜艇事故时有发生.本文梳理了20世纪90年代的主要潜艇事故,总结归纳碰撞、火灾爆炸、机械故障3个大类主要事故的原因,剖析事故深层原因,在事故原因的基础上,提出措施建议供参考.     

汽车车底轻量化抗石击涂料的性能研究

对低密度型和发泡型抗石击涂料的力学性能、抗石击性能、附着性能、隔音性能等进行了研究分析.与普通型抗石击涂料相比,2种轻量化涂料的抗石击性能、施工性能和附着性能无明显差异,粘度可通过调整适应施工需求.适量的中空玻璃微珠填充提高了低密度型抗石击涂料的力学性能;发泡剂的添加则使发泡型涂料膨胀疏松,削弱了抗石击涂料的强度.发泡...     

一种针对C-NCAP中MPDB工况碰撞兼容性的优化方法

本文中对中国新车评价程序(C-NCAP)2021年版中首次引入的移动渐进变形壁障(MPDB)碰撞试验工况进行了介绍,对碰撞兼容性的评价指标进行了说明,并提出了一种针对于MPDB工况碰撞兼容性的优化方案.仿真分析与验证的结果表明,此优化方案可明显改善碰撞兼容性得分,可应用性强.     

EQ140汽车保险杠碰撞过程的有限元分析

以EQ140货车为例,应用动力有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对汽车保险杠的碰撞过程进行数值模拟,得到结构的瞬态动力响应以及变形、速度、碰撞力等参数的时程曲线,清晰地展示了保险杠的变形的全过程,为改进保险杠的设计提供了参考。     

汽车侧面碰撞计算机仿真方法

应用VPG／ETA软件，按照欧洲侧面碰撞法规ECE R95。对某国产轿车进行了汽车侧面碰撞计算机模拟仿真。通过比较，仿真结果与试验结果基本一致。     

基于乘用车内部凸出物试验测评方法研究

目前,国内外有关汽车内部凸出物试验的标准中均只将假人头部作为参考指标;而正面碰撞法规和C-NCAP(2021版)中均将假人的头、颈、胸、骨盆、腿等部位损伤值作为衡量汽车安全性能优劣的重要评价指标。本文通过滑台碰撞试验方法,对汽车内部凸出物试验测评方法进行研究;结果显示:假人的头、颈、胸、腿部均受到不同程度的损伤;尤其是95th假人的骨盆位移量过大,造成假人下半身受到损伤更为严重。因此,本文建议乘用车内部凸出物试验测评方法中,应适度考量假人多个部位及其损伤指标,旨在不断完善我国汽车安全标准体系,进一步提升汽车安全性能,更好地保护驾乘人员的乘车安全。     

高速公路中央分隔带易开型防撞活动护栏碰撞仿真

针对目前国内高速公路中央分隔带开口处活动护栏所存在的安全隐患,提出了一种中央分隔带活动护栏型式,并建立了新型活动护栏的有限元模型。基于HYPERMESH与LS-DYNA软件平台,以HYPERMESH进行前处理,LS-DYNA作为求解器,采用1.5 t皮卡车和10 t货车的有限元模型,分别以侧向碰撞角度20°、速度100 km/h和碰撞角度20°、速度60 km/h为碰撞条件进行了汽车-护栏碰撞仿真。仿真结果表明,该活动护栏满足160 kJ碰撞能量的Am级防撞要求;三向加速度均不大于规定值20 g,最大动态横向位移均小于规定值1.5 m。此新型高速公路中央分隔带活动护栏可以有效地阻挡车辆,并且对车辆具有导向性,使车辆回到正确的行驶方向,在保障乘员安全同时还能减少对车辆的损坏。     

Modeling lane-change-related crashes with lane-specific real-time traffic and weather data

This study investigates the relationship between lane-change-related crashes and lane-specific, real-time traffic factors. It is anticipated that the real-time traffic data for the two lanes—the vehicle's lane (subject lane) and the lane to which that a vehicle intends to change (target lane)—are more closely related to lane-change-related crashes, as opposed to congregated traffic data for all lanes. Lane-change-related crash data were obtained from a 62-mile long freeway in Southeast Wisconsin in 2012 and 2013. One-minute traffic data from the 5- to 10-minute interval prior to the crashes were extracted from an immediately upstream detector station and two immediately downstream stations from the crash location. Weather information was collected from a major historical weather database. A matched case-control logistic regression was used for analysis. Results show that the following factors significantly affect the probability of a lane-change-related crash: average flow into the target lane at the first downstream station, the flow ratio at the second downstream station, and snow conditions. Additionally, the average speed in the target lane at the first downstream station contributes to the occurrence of lane-change crashes during snowy conditions. According to the model, the probability of a lane-change-related crash under real-time traffic conditions can aid in flagging potential crash-prone conditions. The identified contributing factors can help traffic operators select traffic control and management countermeasures to proactively mitigate lane-change-related crashes.