基于HyperWorks的欧洲某型城轨车辆防撞结构的设计

将欧洲某型城轨车辆的三维模型导入Altair HyperWorks软件中,在HyperMesh模块下建立有限元碰撞模型,导入到LS-DYNA中对其进行大变形碰撞仿真。对优化前后结构的仿真结果进行对比分析,确定了防撞结构的设计,验证了车体设计的合理性。     

Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

基于遗传算法和可靠性分析的乘员约束系统优化

为提高乘员假人在CNCAP正面碰撞中的得分,在对某车的仿真模型进行试验验证基础上用遗传算法优化约束系统相关参数,优化目标是使假人头部、颈部和胸部的伤害值最小。然后根据可靠性的要求合理选择了参数的取值范围。     

汽车前部保险杠的耐撞性及结构优化方法

根据目前国产车保险杠耐撞性现状,结合江苏丹阳市车船装饰件有限公司的保险杠耐撞性项目,在LS-DYNA中对摆锤撞击保险杠进行了仿真分析。通过对保险杠的壁厚及其中部的两弧半径进行结构优化,提高了保险杠的耐撞能力,为日后保险杠的设计与开发提供了有价值的参考。     

摩托车事故特征分析

基于上海市嘉定区2006-2007年的81起摩托车事故数据,从事故次数、受伤人数、死亡人数、头盔佩戴情况等几个方面进行了统计分析;以事故形态分类,对事故后果进行了相应的伤害分析,从而为摩托车乘员与车辆碰撞机理和摩托车乘员保护措施的进一步研究提供了依据。     

一种发泡型抗石击底涂的引进与应用

介绍了一种发泡型抗石击涂料及工艺在涂装车间的引进与应用,及一些应用问题的解决.通过应用,实现了轻量化、减少材料使用量及VOCs排放量减少的综合效益.     

汽车正面碰撞中驾驶员侧约束系统的可靠性优化

采用MADYMO仿真分析软件建立了某车型正面碰撞的驾驶员侧约束系统仿真模型;针对原始模型因假人碰撞转向盘造成的计算结果的不连续性,通过修正模型提高了乘员损伤值响应面的精度;考虑了系统中存在的随机性,对安全气囊和安全带的主要参数进行了可靠性优化,有效减小了正面刚性墙碰撞中假人的损伤值,并使乘员约束系统满足可靠性的设计要求...     

高速公路交通安全服务水平分级量化研究

交通安全服务水平（level of service of safety,LOSS）是国内外交通安全研究领域的新概念,用来描述道路的交通安全状况和道路为交通参与者提供交通安全服务的一种质量指标。系统地介绍了交通安全服务水平的国内外研究现状、概念定义、应用和研究内容,研究了分级指标的选取,提出了σ理论的交通安全服务水平划分方法,分级量化了我国平原和山区高速公路的交通安全服务水平。交通安全服务水平作为定量评价交通安全的一种新方法,不仅可以用来描述改善交通安全的潜力有多大,而且可以作为交通安全改造工程实施对象的参考。