Taurus轿车车门侧面碰撞有限元分析

汽车侧面碰撞法规对车门强度有明确的要求,车门作为车身的主要部件之一对汽车的侧面碰撞安全性有着重要的影响。以非线性有限元理论为基础,在Hypermesh中建立了Taurus轿车车门有限元模型,参考侧面碰撞法规对车门进行侧面碰撞模拟分析。并对车门结构进行改进,探讨了相应的轿车侧面碰撞安全性改进措施,通过对研究方案的对比分析,在一定程度上改善了车门的抗侧碰性能。     

苏申外港线(上海段)航道整治工程中桥梁防撞标准问题探讨

该文在对国内外桥梁防撞标准现状及存在问题研究的基础上,以苏申外港线(上海段)航道整治工程为工程实例,将"有限防撞标准"和风险的思想引入桥梁防撞改建工程,建立了桥梁防撞标准构建的思路,提出了桥梁防撞标准具体量化的方法。其结论对类似工程的建设有一定程度的指导意义。     

C-NCAP规则（2012版）中关于后排假人的砰价研究

C—NCAP实施六年来,通过对不同车型的测试,积累了大量的后排假人测试数据。在C—NCAP规则下进行试验,对车辆评价星级与后排假人伤害之间是否具有相关性,在C—NCAP规则改版中是否有必要将后排假人的伤害指标纳入车辆的星级评价体系,及如何合理制定后排假人的伤害限值这几个问题进行初步探讨。     

基于Ls-Dyna和Hyperstudy的汽车吸能盒优化分析

基于Ls-Dyna和Altair Hyperstudy软件,以汽车吸能盒的板材厚度和形状为设计变量,吸能盒质量和刚性墙反力为约束条件,最大化内能为优化目标,对吸能盒进行尺寸和形状优化。优化结果显示,吸能盒质量和碰撞反力基本保持不变,而吸能效果提高了约10%。     

A study of factors influencing the severity of road crashes involving drunk drivers and non drunk drivers

In this study, an attempt has been made to develop Multinomial Logit (MNL) model by analysing the drunken and non drunken drivers involved in road crashes on Indian highways. Multinomial Logit model has been deployed to assess the influence of various parameters like vehicular, environment and geometric factors on the set of drivers who were found to be drunk at the time of getting involved in the road crash and those who were not under the influence of alcohol at the time of meeting with the road crash. The total economic cost of road crashes in the case of non-drunk driver road crash is Rs. 1046.27 million whereas in the case of drunk driver road crashes it is estimated to be Rs. 204.50 million. Further, it can be observed that economic cost of drunk driver road crashes is varying from 13 to 19 % across different types of road crashes.     

汽车碰撞瞬间驾驶员颈部肌电信号变化规律研究

为了解驾驶员在汽车碰撞瞬间的颈部肌肉主动反应,在汽车性能模拟器上构造了具有高度虚拟现实感的汽车正碰工况,选择10名志愿者在模拟器上分别以20、50、80和100km/h时速驾驶,记录在碰撞发生时驾驶员胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌和斜方肌的肌肉电信号及其肌肉激活程度。实验结果表明,发生碰撞时,驾驶员主要工作肌群的肌肉电信号明显升高,同时,肌电信号增幅随着车速升高呈现整体增大态势。本研究揭示了汽车碰撞时驾驶员颈部肌肉力学特性的动态变化规律,为高仿生保真度的假人模型的建造和更为准确地分析乘员碰撞损伤提供了理论支撑。     

女性汽车驾驶员正面碰撞伤害分析及安全性能优化

本文利用MADYMO软件对第5百分位女性驾驶员在50km/h正面碰撞中的表现进行了仿真,对转向管柱角度、安全带限力等级、安全气囊点火时刻以及安全气囊排气孔大小等因素对女性驾驶员伤害的影响进行了分析,并对女性驾驶员的正面碰撞安全性能进行了优化。     

汽车正面小重叠碰撞研究与测试成绩分析

由于汽车正面小重叠碰撞在交通事故中所占比例较高,本文依据2012年8月14日,美国高速公路安全保险协会（Insurance Institute for Highway Safety,IIHS）实施的25%正面小重叠碰撞试验,分析汽车正面小重叠碰撞试验的内容及其必要性,并对IIHS公布的25%正面小重叠碰撞试验结果进行研究,给与消费者购车指导。     

Rear‐end crash potential estimation in the work zone merging areas

This paper proposed a methodology to estimate rear‐end crash potential of the merging vehicles traveling in the merge lane, on the basis of the traffic data extracting from the available videotapes. First, we developed a binary logit model to identify drivers' merging behavior in the work zone merging area. Subsequently, the occurrence potential of rear‐end crash based on time‐to‐collision was computed between the merging vehicle and its neighboring vehicles. The overall crash potential of the merging vehicle was finally determined. It was found that the crash potential decreases with the remaining distance to work zone. Moreover, there will be a rear‐end crash potential of 4.0% if the merging vehicle fails to complete merging at the end of work zone merging area. If the merging vehicle takes an early merge, there will be a lower rear‐end crash potential (1.2%). These findings suggest that we should encourage merging vehicles to take early merges for improving the traffic safety in the work zone merging areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽车动态仿真中车身点焊有限元建模的新方法

对点焊连接提出了一种新的模拟技术,即不同于传统的节点对节点模拟焊接。新型焊接单元在有限元节点与单元之间引入一短梁单元来模拟焊接关系,单元承受拉伸力和剪切力。仿真实例说明,此新型焊接单元,既保证了仿真计算的可靠,又避免了传统算法中细化局部网格的处理,减轻了工作量。