列车冲撞浆砌片石式线路终端车挡的动态仿真分析

首次采用离散单元法对列车冲撞浆砌片石式线路终端车挡进行仿真分析.利用建立的浆砌片石式终端车挡离散单元模型和列车纵向动力学模型,通过两模型间的数据交换,实现冲撞过程的仿真.以某次溜车事故为例,对列车冲撞浆砌片石式终端车挡的动态过程进行仿真分析.结果表明:列车以4.3m·s-1的初速度冲撞浆砌片石式线路终端车挡,冲撞后列车的速度降至3.96m·s-1,表明该车挡能够吸收的能量较少;冲撞后车挡墙体中的土壤颗粒分布以及车辆结构的损坏与现场情况吻合程度很好,表明对冲撞过程的仿真模拟是有效的.对不同初速度冲撞工况进行仿真,结果表明,浆砌片石式终端车挡消耗的能量、最大冲击力和列车末速度均随着冲撞初速度的增大而增大;拟合得到列车冲撞末速度与初速度的线性关系,并计算出浆砌片石式终端车挡的最大允许冲撞速度为0.6504m.s-1,当车速低于该速度时,该车挡可以阻止列车冲出轨道.     

预制拼装技术在绍兴智慧快速路中的应用

预制拼装技术因其绿色环保、施工便捷快速、质量控制好的优势,在城市高架桥梁中的应用越来越广。以浙江省绍兴市智慧快速路工程中的二环北路快速路为例,介绍了预制拼装技术在工程中的应用。上部结构标准段采用小箱梁,节点位置采用钢混组合梁或钢箱梁;下部结构采用预制盖梁和预制立柱;附属结构采用预制防撞墙。重点介绍预制盖梁的设计和施工方案,可供同类工程参考使用。     

含第二次碰撞的车对车碰撞事故模拟计算模型研究

本文介绍了根据现场痕迹即可含第二次碰撞的车对车碰撞事故进行分析与再现的计算模型，为此模型对日本汽车研究所提供的５例实车碰撞试验进行了计算模拟，结果基本一致。     

Data-driven train set crash dynamics simulation

Traditional finite element (FE) methods are arguably expensive in computation/simulation of the train crash. High computational cost limits their direct applications in investigating dynamic behaviours of an entire train set for crashworthiness design and structural optimisation. On the contrary, multi-body modelling is widely used because of its low computational cost with the trade-off in accuracy. In this study, a data-driven train crash modelling method is proposed to improve the performance of a multi-body dynamics simulation of train set crash without increasing the computational burden. This is achieved by the parallel random forest algorithm, which is a machine learning approach that extracts useful patterns of force–displacement curves and predicts a force–displacement relation in a given collision condition from a collection of offline FE simulation data on various collision conditions, namely different crash velocities in our analysis. Using the FE simulation results as a benchmark, we compared our method with traditional multi-body modelling methods and the result shows that our data-driven method improves the accuracy over traditional multi-body models in train crash simulation and runs at the same level of efficiency.     

城市轨道交通断面客流不确定性分析的广义自回归条件异方差改进模型

对比分析指出,城市轨道交通线路断面客流量变化与道路交通断面客流量变化具有相似性,但城市轨道交通线路断面客流时间序列具备特有的尖峰厚尾特性,其变化的敏感程度依赖时空条件,常用于道路领域的广义自回归条件异方差(GARCH)模型无法直接用于城市轨道交通领域。基于此,引入广义误差分布(GED)虚变量,构建改进的GARCH模型,并基于成都地铁1号线下行断面客流时间序列数据,借助EViews和Matlab软件对改进前后的模型效果进行实证对比分析。结果表明,改进后的虚变量GARCH模型比原始的GARCH模型具有更好的适用性。     

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分析了汽车碰撞交通事故抛物体研究进展，包括行人、骑车人和自行车模型。对各数学模型的研究现状、存在的问题和发展前沿进行了论述。本文作者利用PCCrash建立虚拟仿真碰撞试验场，对应不同车辆类型，分别建立了车辆—行人侧面碰撞、后部碰撞，刮擦碰撞和自行车/骑车人仿真抛距模型。传统的抛距模型中，车辆在发生碰撞时通常会采取制动措施，本文对车辆不采取制动的碰撞形式也进行了分析和仿真，建立了车辆行人高速碰撞模型，上述工作对车辆行人事故再现研究的发展具有一定指导意义和实用价值。     

混三五百分位女性假人颈部标定中转角测量技术研究

在混三五百分位女性假人颈部标定试验中,由于其颈部直径较小,使得转角传感器的质量对头颈部整体的质心偏扭作用增大,从而影响了假人颈部转角的测量精度。采用在转角测量传感器相对侧增加平衡块装置的方法,以平衡颈部偏扭作用的影响,并结合高速摄像运动分析,对比了施加平衡块前后得到的转角测量数据。结果表明:该方法明显改善了头颈部的偏扭作用,提高了颈部转角测量精度。     

提高陆风SUV汽车正面碰撞安全性的研究

针对"陆风SUV汽车被动安全性改进开发"项目的要求,采用CAE技术,找出了陆风SUV现有车身结构存在的问题,提出了改进方案,并对其效果进行了验证。     

Age related annual crash incidence rate ratios in professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles

ObjectivesEvidence concerning crash risk for older heavy vehicle drivers is sparse, making it difficult to assess if it is prudent to encourage older drivers to remain in the workforce in a climate of labour shortages. The objective of this study was to estimate annual crash rate ratios of older male heavy vehicle drivers relative to their middle aged peers.MethodsData utilized in this study includes all crashes meeting inclusion criteria involving heavy goods vehicles, categorised as rigid trucks and articulated trucks; this data was recorded by the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority. The exposure to the risk of a crash was represented by distance travelled for each vehicle type and year, by age of driver, as estimated by the Australian Survey of Motor Vehicle Use. Negative binomial regression modelling was applied to estimate annual crash incidence rate ratios for male drivers in various age groups.ResultsA total of 26,146 crashes occurred in New South Wales during 1999–2006, involving a total of 54,191 vehicles; removing observations that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 19,736 observations remained representing 12,501 crashes. For rigid trucks, the incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years, compared to 45–54 year olds, was 0.74 (95% CI 0.51, 0.98). For articulated trucks, the annual crash incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.4 (95% CI 0.96, 1.9), and that for drivers aged 55–64 years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.1 (95% CI 0.83, 1.3).ConclusionsOlder male professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles have lower risk of crashes in rigid vehicles, possibly due to accrued driving experience and self-selection of healthy individuals remaining in the workforce. Thus, encouraging these drivers to remain in the workforce is appropriate in the climate of labour shortages, as this study provides evidence that to do so would not endanger road safety.     

滑膜摊铺机在公路防撞护栏施工中的应用

以北非阿尔及利亚东西高速公路项目建设中修筑公路混凝土防撞栏的施工为背景,阐述了以滑模摊铺机进行混凝土防护栏施工的工艺原理、流程及施工方法实践证明,相比国内普遍采用的传统工艺,采用滑模摊铺机修筑防护栏在减少人工、提高施工效率及质量方面更具优势