低交通量道路路线技术标准的研究

基于低交通量道路概念,通过对低交通量道路路线技术指标的分析研究,制定符合农村实际情况的路线标准,对农村公路建设具有指导意义,值得同行借鉴.     

Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

寒区湿地软土抗剪强度特征试验研究

针对寒区湿地公路软土地基在路堤填筑分级加载作用下的稳定性问题,为采用理论计算方法研究寒区湿地软土地基稳定性提供必要的计算参数,采集原状土,对寒区湿地两层软土进行三轴试验和直剪试验。研究寒区湿地软土在5个不同固结压力和3个不同固结度下主应力差与轴向应变关系的变化,以及5个不同固结压力和6个固结度下抗剪强度指标和抗剪强度的变化。试验结果表明:采用不排水剪,第1层软土的应力-应变关系呈现典型的加工硬化特征,第2层软土的则接近于理想塑性。在相同的应变下,随着固结压力和固结度的增加偏应力逐渐增大;抗剪强度随固结压力和固结度的增加而增大。粘聚力c在固结度U<20%时,随固结度的增加而减小;固结度U>20%,总体上随固结度的增加而增大。内摩擦角φ随着固结度的增大有所增加,但规律性不很明显。     

基于斜拉索张力测定的斜拉桥健康诊断

应用试验校正的高精度三维有限元模型,对斜拉桥主梁结构损伤位置识别的斜拉索张力指标进行了研究。模拟12种可能的损伤情况,研究了基于斜拉索局部模态基频构造索张力指标的方法,索张力指标对各损伤情况下损伤位置的识别效果和对损伤程度的敏感性。结果表明,用斜拉索局部模态基频所构造的张力指标对不同的损伤程度呈现较好的稳定性和灵敏性,对模拟的12种损伤情况的正确识别率可达75%。该方法的突出优点是只需测量斜拉索局部振动模态的基频,就能获得较好的损伤识别效果,比其他面向损伤检测的测量容易得多。该方法可十分方便地推广应用于悬索桥加劲梁结构的损伤定位,具有较高的实用价值。     

Efficiency Analysis of Listed Power Companies Based on Malmquist Index

This paper improved the known study for technical progress in Malmquist productivity index calculating. In the method, all the possible movements for decision making units (DMUs) are listed, and the condition that several DMUs lie on the productivity frontier is analyzed. The dynamic efficiencies of Chinese listed power companies from 1997 to 2006 were evaluated. The empirical results indicate that the improved method is effective.     

国内外沥青路面抗车辙研究动态

车辙危害交通安全,是沥青路面的技术难题,也是世界各国普遍关注的路面破损形式之一。多年来国内外道路技术工作者为此做了大量的工作,从路面结构、路面材料、混合料组成设计、车辙控制指标等方面进行了大量的理论分析和试验研究,取得了一定的成果。但是由于超载、交通量激增等原因,车辙目前仍是世界性的难题之一。     

基于水动力系数敏感性指数的水下航行器运动方程简化研究

针对水下航行器操纵运动方程,引入水动力系数敏感性指数的概念.选取了2种典型运动形式进行仿真计算,对某水下航行器水动力敏感性指数进行了合理分级,并以此为根据对水下航行器操纵运动方程进行了简化.对比结果表明,采用仿真计算的方法研究水动力系数与水下航行器操纵性的关系及运用敏感性指数评估水动力系数对操纵性的影响不失为一条可行的途径.     

山区高速公路选线方案评价

针对山区高速公路保护自然环境的选线设计,通过设计调查、专家咨询并结合规范要求,筛选出10项设计评价指标,确定了指标的等级标准;应用物元理论和层次分析法建立评价模型,对待评方案进行分析评价．将建立的指标体系及评价模型应用于工程实例,优选最佳路线设计方案．     

公路设计技术指标与实地合理结合的探讨

以沿黄干线为例主要阐述了公路设计技术指标与实地的合理结合。