Historic vehicles: an overview from a transport policy perspective

Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them.     

道路运输行业安全监管现状分析及对策研究

结合道路运输行业安全监管现状,从道路运输行业安全监管职责和内容、监管方式、安全检查方面对道路运输行业安全监管存在的问题进行分析,并有针对性的提出了相应的建议和对策。     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

人性化儿童安全座椅改良途径研究

在许多交通事故中,如果有安全座椅的保护,儿童可以避免死亡或受伤.家长们现在也意识到了安全座椅的重要性,但目前儿童安全座椅实际使用率却很低,这与儿童座椅本身的人性化设计有关.为了提高儿童安全座椅的舒适性和趣味性,文章从儿童身心特点出发,对儿童座椅造型、材料、功能方面的改良途径进行了探讨,提出了通过造型与材料的完美结合来实...     

高速公路行车安全驾驶技术探析

市场经济的持续发展,有利于进一步提升生活水平,人均车辆持有量随之不断增加。在当今社会,人们开始注重自驾出行,但是如何确保高速行车驾驶安全成为值得研究的重点问题。因此,本文就高速公路行车安全驾驶技术进行了分析,希望有助于提升高速行车安全。     

基于TruckSim的客车行驶安全因素研究

一些行驶的车辆在一些紧急情况下可能会因为驾驶员对路面情况判断失误而导致交通事故的发生,客车相对于一些小型车辆来说重心高,稳定性相对较低,在路面上行驶安全性也相对较低,可能会出现侧滑、甩尾现象.文章研究客车行驶的稳定性,通过TruckSim软件对客车进行建模仿真,得到客车在不同道路条件路面上行驶时的试验性能曲线,分析影响...     

LNG及车用LNG的现状与未来分析

液化天然气(LNG)具有高效、清洁、安全等特点,目前主要应用于车用燃料、城镇燃气备用气源、发电等,涉及工、商、民用,是一种应用广泛、经济性较高的能源。目前我国天然气车分为液化天然气(LNG)车和压缩天然气(CNG)车两种,两者的本质都是天然气,区别在于生产加工的方式和存在形式。     

基于交通信息的电动汽车制动策略及仿真

为了提高滑行能量回收经济性和踏板制动安全性、舒适性,基于交通信息,提出了电动汽车(EV)制动协调策略。分析了滑行制动的经济性,由交通信息和汽车行驶状态确定滑行制动强度;由道路信息和前方车辆信息建立汽车安全距离模型和碰撞预警策略,利用预警信息对滑行制动和踏板制动强度进行协调。对本策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:利用交通信息的滑行策略,在通行良好工况下综合能耗减少1.1%,拥堵工况下减轻驾驶员的制动疲劳;预警和协调策略避免了频繁预警,减小了紧急避撞触发几率。因此,利用交通信息能够辅助驾驶员进行更加合理的制动。     

基于车辆加速度数据的互通立交匝道驾驶风险分析

为明确互通立交匝道的运行特性和驾驶风险,在重庆市南山立交和江南立交开展了超过30位被试者的小客车实车驾驶试验,通过Speedbox和Mobileye等车载高精度仪器采集了小客车在4条迂回式匝道上的连续运行数据,包括行驶速度、横向加速度、纵向加速度等,明确了迂回式匝道的车辆运行状态,然后运用表征横、纵向加速度关系的G-G图分析了匝道行驶过程中的驾驶风险,确定了立交匝道不同位置的危险等级及危险驾驶行为的高发路段。研究结果表明：①立交匝道上小客车的横向加速度与速度呈三角形分布,纵向加速度与速度呈椭圆形分布;②小半径曲线匝道上出现危险驾驶行为的比例要高于大半径曲线匝道;③通过统计不同断面的危险驾驶行为点占比,将匝道的危险断面分为低风险、中风险、高风险3个等级;④男性驾驶员在立交匝道上的危险驾驶行为占比要高于女性驾驶员,冒险型驾驶员的危险驾驶行为占比要高于其他驾驶风格的驾驶员;⑤立交匝道的危险高发路段通常位于速度变化剧烈的路段,即入弯减速段和出弯加速段。     

智能汽车对无信号交叉口行人的避撞控制

针对智能汽车在无信号交叉口对横穿行人的避撞问题,研究了主动转向避撞控制策略。基于多层模型预测控制方法,采用分层控制策略设计局部规划层控制器与全局跟踪层控制器,在此基础上根据交叉口处汽车与行人的轨迹特征计算人车碰撞剩余时间,改进传统人工势场法构造避撞函数,规划出既能规避交叉口内存在碰撞风险的行人又能使偏差最小的局部避撞路径,并使智能汽车在满足多项动力学约束时准确跟踪参考路径,通过搭建CarSim/Simulink联合仿真平台,结合广东省2006—2018年交通事故数据库选取对交叉口人车碰撞有显著影响的因素,设计仿真场景进行仿真分析。结果表明：智能汽车能在多个初始点完成对参考路径的跟踪,控制器对不同速度和附着条件有较高的鲁棒性,高速低附着场景中,智能汽车横向加速度小于0.4 g、质心侧偏角小于2°、前轮侧偏角小于2.5°,各约束量满足舒适性和平稳性条件;4个典型交叉口场景中,智能汽车以不同速度直行或转弯通过交叉口,均能识别横穿行人中存在碰撞风险的行人实现主动转向避撞。