基于累积损伤度的内燃机车检修周期

依据线性累积损伤准则,给出内燃机车部件累积损伤度计算公式;根据重要度、可靠度和维修难易度3个影响因素确定关键部件的损伤权重系数;从而给出内燃机车累积损伤度计算公式.根据内燃机车累积损伤度计算值确定内燃机车的检修周期.针对内燃机车的实际特点,分别给出柴油机、车轴、主发电机3个典型部件累积损伤度计算方法.以某台DF_(8B)型内燃机车为例进行计算,得到其检修周期为67.8万km,此值小于检修规程规定的大修周期下限,说明应该对其大修周期进行调整,以满足机车检修的实际需要.     

软土地基桥台的病害及受力分析

对广东省江门市三和公路上两座桥的桥台严重病害和土的性状进行全面的检测,且应用平面有限元的计算程序进行分析,得出了与实际情况完全一致的结论,从而查明了病害产生的原因,并对今后的设计提出了建议,可供设计人员参考.     

浅基桥梁水毁压浆加固探讨

结合山东省枣庄市省道干线公路新(泰)-枣(庄)公路小北庄桥的加固工程,介绍了运用压浆技术加固桥梁基础的设施工艺、注意事项,指出运用压浆技术可以使桥梁在短时间内恢复承载能力,具有良好的经济效益。     

三峡泄滩滑坡滑动带土的改进Mesri蠕变模型

为进行滑坡建模和稳定数值分析的需要，进行了三峡泄滩滑坡体滑动带土的三轴排水蠕变试验．在此基础上，给出了排水条件下粘性土的Mesri蠕变模型，即剪应力-应变关系采用双曲线模型、应变-时间关系采用幂函数来描述土体的弹粘塑性；提出了改进Mesri蠕变模型，其应变-时间关系采用分段拟合方法．模型计算曲线与试验数据的比较表明，改进Mesri蠕变模型较Mesri蠕变模型对粘性土蠕变性能的拟合能力得到了显著改善．     

马氏体镍钢用于制造全海深载人舱的可行性初探

为进一步探索深渊海沟,需要研制全海深载人潜水器。在给定设计深度下,潜水器的成功研制取决于对载人舱选材的合理性。合理选材使得载人舱的重量较小,同时,材料具备良好的综合性能使其能够承受非常高的外部压力及适应严峻的环境条件。在全海深载人舱设计过程中,马氏体时效钢以其较高的强度、良好的韧性、较好的可加工性能及热处理性能而备受关注。其中,18Ni系马氏体时效钢因具备较好的综合性能而作为全海深载人舱的备选材料,因此在载人舱设计之前需要对备选材料的综合性能进行合理的评估。该文对载人舱材料选择标准进行了探讨,以此为基础,针对18Ni系马氏体镍钢的重要性能指标进行了分析,分析结果将为后续的材料试验研究和载人舱初步设计提供理论指导。     

含裂纹损伤箱型梁剩余扭转极限强度研究

针对含裂纹损伤箱型梁的剩余扭转极限强度问题,通过考虑结构特征及裂纹分布的差异性,基于净截面屈服理论提出更为准确地评估裂纹影响的剩余扭转极限强度简化计算公式,能够很好地反映裂纹损伤所导致的极限强度衰减趋势。利用非线性有限元方法,考虑中心裂纹与边缘裂纹2种裂纹形式,考察结构应力分布的变化与规律,验证扭转载荷下裂纹分布与裂纹尺寸对剩余极限强度的影响。数值计算表明,本文提出的公式具有较好的准确度。     

30000 DWT载货教学实习船破舱稳性研究

30000 DWT载货教学实习船是上海船舶研究设计院为大连海事大学专门开发设计的无限航区多用途船兼教学实习船。作为教学实习船,保障实习生、教师和船员的生命安全至关重要,而破舱稳性是考核该船是否足够安全的重要性能指标。分析了2008年《特种用途船安全规则》及SOLAS 2014对特种用途船和普通干货船的概率破舱稳性计算要求的区别,通过采取设计U型压载水舱和特殊布置管系及阀等措施,最终得到了较小的破舱稳性GM限制,提高了货物装运能力。     

Numerical analysis of the dynamic interaction between wheel set and turnout crossing using the explicit finite element method

A three-dimensional (3-D) explicit dynamic finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the impact of the wheel on the crossing nose. The model consists of a wheel set moving over the turnout crossing. Realistic wheel, wing rail and crossing geometries have been used in the model. Using this model the dynamic responses of the system such as the contact forces between the wheel and the crossing, crossing nose displacements and accelerations, stresses in rail material as well as in sleepers and ballast can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the wheel set and crossing interaction using the local contact stress state in the rail is possible as well, which provides a good basis for prediction of the long-term behaviour of the crossing (fatigue analysis). In order to tune and validate the FE model field measurements conducted on several turnouts in the railway network in the Netherlands are used here. The parametric study including variations of the crossing nose geometries performed here demonstrates the capabilities of the developed model. The results of the validation and parametric study are presented and discussed.     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

简支体系桥梁的震害及抗震设计对策

通过对近年来国内外几次大地震中简支桥梁震害的调查,对简支桥梁震害进行分类并分析原因,对比中外桥梁抗震规范,阐述中国现行桥梁抗震规范的不足,介绍采用减隔震技术的简支体系桥梁在震害中的表现,对地震区简支桥梁抗震设计提出建议.