营口港仙人岛港区LNG码头选址规划方案

仙人岛港区是环渤海地区重要的大型综合性港区,属于双堤环抱空间格局,规划大型泊位多,船舶流量密集。LNG码头具有一定的特殊性和排他性。针对在环抱式港池内LNG码头选址和规划存在的问题,以仙人岛港区为例,集成利用多项模型技术研究通航安全、通航影响、陆域安全、泊位布置和空间利用等,提出LNG码头选址、码头泊位及水域布置方案,对仙人岛港区建设LNG码头起到了关键技术支撑。     

基于数据融合的城市轨道交通规划理论研究——BIM与GIS一体化研究综述

大数据与信息化给城市和轨道交通领域带来了更多机会和挑战,不同来源信息数据的整合需要跨尺度理论、综合化技术手段及跨平台分析方法。轨道交通领域需要跨部门、多专业协作,而数据融合技术为城市轨道交通与城市空间协同性差、相关专业之间存在技术壁垒等问题提供解决途径,并为城市轨道交通规划中二维信息向三维信息的转变搭建技术平台。针对当前轨道交通领域信息化趋势及信息集成的需求,通过建立比较框架,探讨在数据融合环境中,打通城市国土空间规划、城市轨道交通线网规划及车站建筑设计等阶段,建筑信息模型(buildinginformationmodeling,BIM)与地理信息系统(geographicinformationsystem,GIS)一体化平台在数据支撑规划设计中的应用。从CAD、GIS以及规划支持系统(planningsupportsystems,PSS)3个不同阶段综述规划信息平台的发展,探讨每个阶段针对轨道交通一体化的技术特征、进步和局限。通过对理论趋势、城市规划与城市轨道交通发展需求和相关技术现状等方面的研究,显示城市规划与城市轨道交通领域的技术平台和数据标准均呈现出整合化特征。针对城市轨道交通领域整合的发展趋势与数据融合需求,提出BIM和GIS软件平台及数据标准的集成,是城市轨道交通科学化、智慧化发展的技术关键,也是大数据时代实现轨道交通与城市协同发展的重要支撑。     

砥砺奋进实现城市轨道交通强国梦

对城市轨道交通强国的内涵进行探讨,对中国城市轨道交通取得的成就进行总结,对未来的发展趋势进行分析。提出轨道交通应提高服务水平,让人民群众有更强的幸福感和愉悦感;提出以运营为导向的互联互通轨道交通网络和多制式协调发展的理念;增强创新能力,实现城市轨道交通从国产化到自主化再到智能化的技术升级;城轨高铁比翼双飞闯世界,实施城轨交通从单项走出去到包括运营在内的全系统走出去;多规合一,实现引领城市发展,提高轨道交通沿线空间的综合利用效率,增强轨道交通可持续发展能力。     

基于软交换的轨道交通专用通信系统的发展

阐述了轨道交通专用通信网的发展现状和问题;结合当前轨道交通规模化建设、网络化运营和智能化管理的需求,分析城市轨道交通发展软交换技术的优势;指出了基于软交换技术的IP网是未来城市轨道交通专用通信网的发展方向;在此基础上进一步论述了城市轨道交通通信专网建设软交换网络体系的网络规划,网络演进策略和旧网改造思路。     

广州市轨道交通线网规划评估与发展策略思考

文章回顾广州市轨道交通线网规划的发展历程,总结其客流成长的特征,分析数据背后的规律,预测未来广州市轨道交通需求。通过比对相关文件要求,从区域协调发展、城市空间结构、市民出行体验和重大枢纽疏解4个方面对广州市既有轨道交通规划展开评估。在此基础上,提出下一轮广州市轨道交通线网规划目标和5个具体实施策略。     

乡镇道路规划的交通安全评价

文章通过分析现有农村公路网中乡镇道路规划方案的评价指标体系,指出对乡镇道路网进行交通安全评价的必要性,并初步建立了交通安全评价指标体系,为进行道路规划阶段的交通安全评价提供参考。     

A traffic analysis zone definition: a new methodology and algorithm

This paper develops a comprehensive approach to the definition of transportation analysis zones (TAZ), and therein, presents a new methodology and algorithm for the definition of TAZ embedded in geographic information systems software, improves the base algorithm with several local algorithms, and comprehensively analyses the obtained results. The results obtained are then compared to these presently used in the transportation analysis process of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The proposed algorithm presents a new methodology for TAZ design based on a smoothed density surface of geocoded travel demand data. The algorithm aims to minimise the loss of information when moving from a continuous representation of the origin and destination of each trip to their discrete representations through zones, and focuses on the trade-off between the statistical precision, geographical error, and the percentage of intra-zonal trips of the resulting OD matrix. The results for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area case study suggest a significant improvement in OD matrix estimates compared to current transportation analysis practises based on administrative units.

Assessing the financial and social costs of public transport in differing operating environments and with endogenous demand

This paper uses a previously developed spreadsheet cost model which simulates public transport modes operated on a 12-km route to analyse the total costs of different passenger demand levels. The previous cost model was a very powerful tool to estimate the social and operator costs for different public transport technologies. However, as the model is strategic, some basic assumptions were made which are relaxed in this paper. First, the speed-flow equation in the original spreadsheet model assumes that speed decreases according to the ratio of the current frequency and the lane capacity which is based on the safety headway without taking into account passenger boardings. However, this may vary in different operating environments. Therefore, the speed-flow equation is improved by moving from a linear equation to a piecewise equation that considers the features of different operating environments. Second, the model assumes that supply is sufficient to meet demand. However, when the level of demand is high for the lower-capacity public transport technologies, passengers may find the incoming vehicle full and therefore, they have to wait more than one service interval. This paper applies queuing theory to investigate the probability of having to wait longer than the expected service headways which will affect the average passenger waiting time. The extra waiting time for each passenger is calculated and applied in the spreadsheet cost model. Third, the original model assumed that demand was externally fixed (exogenous). To evaluate the differences after applying these equations, endogenous demand rather than exogenous demand will be investigated by using the elasticities for passenger waiting time and journey time.     

Accommodating user preferences in ad hoc shared ride trip planning using GIS

Ad hoc shared ride trip planning (SRTP) utilizes mobile devices, geo-sensors and wireless networks to match on-the-fly individual travel demand with transport supply. It represents one of many alternatives to single occupancy vehicle use. This paper outlines a SRTP approach via a two-phase algorithm based on user preferences in a time-dependent routing. Whereas current algorithms use minimization of travel time as the only optimization criterion in trip planning, in the framework presented here, the user can specify multiple trip preferences including travel time, walking time, number of transfers between cars and trip length. Various scenarios are simulated in the city of Tehran (Iran) to demonstrate how preference settings affect the routes of ad hoc shared journeys.     

城市中心体系与轨道交通耦合演化规律

随着中国大城市轨道交通规划建设速度的加快,亟须探索城市中心体系与轨道交通耦合演化规律。在分析城市中心体系和轨道交通耦合空间基础、系统互动演化过程及演化政策影响的基础上,对单系统演化和耦合演化模型进行推演,建立城市中心体系耦合演化模型,揭示城市中心体系与轨道交通耦合演化规律。最后,提出基于土地与交通协调的双系统耦合规划技术路线,以及不同发展阶段的城市中心体系和轨道交通耦合规划策略。