基于地磁熵及灰关联分析的地磁匹配新方法

利用地磁定位和惯性导航来确定载体的准确位置的方法,是近年来发展起来的新技术。其关键问题之一是如何进行精确地磁匹配,为解决此问题,文章提出综合利用地磁熵及灰关联分析的新方法,即在计算出待匹配区域的地磁熵值的基础上,选择相应的灰关联匹配的阈值,从而找出最佳匹配点,进而确定载体位置。文章分析了该算法的理论基础并提出了具体的实现算法,经过仿真实验表明,此算法的运算速度快、匹配精度高、具有良好的抗测量误差干扰的能力。     

云桂铁路膨胀岩强度特性试验研究

膨胀岩具有遇水膨胀、软化、崩解和失水收缩、开裂等特性,一直是工程应用中的难点。通过云桂铁路膨胀岩的室内试验研究,分析了膨胀岩的抗剪强度、抗压强度和膨胀力的特性;根据抗剪试验,分析了膨胀岩的抗剪特性,着重研究了水对膨胀岩抗剪强度的影响;同时提出了临界初始含水率的概念［1］。根据膨胀力的试验,分析了膨胀力与膨胀应力的关系,进一步建立膨胀岩的修正Huder-Amberg本构变形模型。成果为云桂铁路膨胀岩的处理问题提供设计施工依据。     

天津地区基坑底抗渗流稳定性验算分析

立足天津地区的基坑工程,在分析坑底某深度处有承压含水层及基坑侧壁有粉土、粉砂层时的底板破坏机理的基础上,利用塑性极限分析中的塑性铰接法,提出了一种计算抗承压水突涌临界厚度的方法;利用体积力法验算抗沉侧壁接触管涌中隔水帷幕插入基坑底以下的临界深度;并综合两者考虑,结合天津地质状况,验算渗流破坏中隔水底板的临界厚度。重点是综合考虑基坑平面的几何尺寸及基坑底板土层的剪力指标c、φ等对基坑底抗渗流稳定性的影响。     

桥梁汽车活载特征分析与设计值研究

该文对北京市近年来车辆荷载的类型及轴载数据进行了详细的分析与处理,选取了具有代表性的实测荷载数据,采用一定的计算方法对其进行分析后,得出实际车辆荷载的计算代表值,并与规范设计值进行了对比,总结了两者之间车辆荷载的特征与差异,并提出了北京地区的汽车设计荷载建议值,可为北京地区的桥梁维修加固及未来北京地区制定汽车荷载设计规范的地方标准提供参考。     

武汉地铁通用管片楔形量研究

盾构隧道通用管片简化了模板设计,施工中能够较好地控制隧道掘进轴线和管片成环质量,通用性强.武汉地铁4号线一期工程为了便于统一供应管片,盾构区间设计采用通用管片,根据线路平面和纵断面设计条件,研究了采用不同楔形量通用管片对应的线路拟合误差分布情况,并根据分析结果优选出该线通用管片楔形量的合理取值.     

A multi-layered risk exposure assessment approach for the shipping industry

Maritime administration and coastal states have become more aware of the need to enhance risk mitigation strategies primarily due to increased worldwide shipping activities, changing safety qualities of the world fleet and limited resources to deploy mitigation strategies. This paper introduces an innovative multi-layered framework to assess, predict and mitigate potential harm. The proposed approach addresses known restrictions of risk assessments in shipping. These restrictions are the lack of scalability to apply risk assessments over large areas using an automated routine, the absence of recognizing that the world fleet is heterogeneous, the lack of integrating location specific environmental conditions such as wind, currents or waves and most importantly, the lack of recognizing the uncertainties associated with each factor especially for predictions. The proposed framework is based on the idea of integrating various layers representing the most important factors that can influence risk in order to estimate and predict risk exposure for a given area. As proof of concept of the underlying ideas, the outcome of a pilot project with the Australian Maritime Safety Authority is presented which demonstrates the integration of the first two layers and is based on a unique and comprehensive combination of data. The results of selected endpoints of risk exposure compare well with observations. The article also discusses the integration of the remaining layers including the recognition and addition of uncertainties in the future.     

关于新时代我国综合交通运输发展的若干思考

为进一步明确交通强国背景下我国综合交通运输发展战略，从理论和实践两个层面论证交通强国与综合交通运输的辩证关系，在此基础上分析了供给侧结构性改革、国家战略支撑、区域协调发展、科技创新、扩大对外开放、治理体系和治理能力现代化等对综合交通运输发展的新要求。以习近平关于综合交通运输的重要论述为根本遵循，研究提出新时代我国综合交通运输发展安全、便捷、高效、绿色、经济的价值导向、总体思路，探讨基础设施、运输服务、科技创新、治理体系四个方面的战略重点，为交通强国背景下我国综合交通运输发展构建了总体战略框架。     

The capitalization of subway access in home value: A repeat-rentals model with supply constraints in Beijing

Urban rail transit enhances accessibility of the communities it serves and often contributes to the value of local real properties. A small number of studies have gone beyond the traditional cross-sectional hedonic analysis to use repeat-sales data in the US for more robust estimation of rail transit’s impact on property value. While the empirical literature generally supports the positive capitalization of rail transit in home value, it has produced widely varied estimates and failed to incorporate the theoretical insight that more elastic housing supply would reduce the extent of local amenities’ capitalization in home value. Observing Beijing’s rapid expansion of subway lines during the late 2000s, this study uses repeat rental transactions from 2005 to 2011 to investigate how home value reacts to the change in the home’s distance to nearest subway station. Repeat-rentals estimates suggest a rent-distance elasticity of −0.02, 70% below the cross-sectional hedonic estimate. Moreover, using the unique history of state-owned enterprise relocations as instrument for intra-city variation in land supply, we find that the capitalization of subway proximity in home value is weaker where land supply is more elastic. Our findings support the significant bias caused by omitted variables in the hedonic estimates and confirm housing supply’s role in explaining the intra-city spatial variation in estimates.     

基于自适应奇异值标准谱和EMD的柴油机故障诊断

针对柴油机多发故障,提出了自适应奇异值标准谱和经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)相结合的故障诊断模型。通过计算平均最近邻域发散度和奇异值标准谱的方法自适应地选择奇异值分解的嵌入维数和重构阶数,提高了奇异值分解降噪的精度。对降噪后的信号进行EMD分解,并利用调整余弦相似度标准提取反映信号真实特征的主固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),进而提取故障特征参数。将此模型应用于F3L912柴油机进气门漏气、单缸失火和多缸失火等故障的诊断,通过提取峭度和过零率作为故障特征,获得了较高的故障分类准确率。     

考虑路面平整度影响的车辆侧滑与侧翻临界风速

为了研究路面平整度对车辆侧滑和侧翻临界风速的影响,建立了二自由度车辆振动模型,依据路面平整度指标和路面功率谱密度之间的关系,利用傅里叶变换推导了基于公路工程技术标准的动荷载系数计算公式,在此基础上根据车辆运动模型推导了车辆侧滑和侧翻的临界风速计算公式,利用MATLAB编制了计算程序,以典型货车为例计算了考虑路面平整度影响和不考虑路面平整度影响的车辆侧滑、侧翻临界风速.研究结果表明:路面摩擦系数,车辆速度和路面平整度对车辆侧滑临界风速都有一定的影响;考虑路面平整度影响时,典型货车临界侧滑和侧翻风速都会相应降低,降低幅度为1 ～2 m/s.