An equilibrium analysis of commuter parking in the era of autonomous vehicles

This study is the first in the literature to model the joint equilibrium of departure time and parking location choices when commuters travel with autonomous vehicles (AVs). With AVs, walking from parking spaces to the work location is not needed. Instead, AVs will drop off the commuters at the workplace and then drive themselves to the parking spaces. In this context, the equilibrium departure/arrival profile is different from the literature with non-autonomous vehicles (non-AVs). Besides modeling the commuting equilibrium, this study further develops the first-best time-dependent congestion tolling scheme to achieve the system optimum. Also, a location-dependent parking pricing scheme is developed to replace the tolling scheme. Furthermore, this study discusses the optimal parking supply to minimize the total system cost (including both the travel cost and the social cost of parking supply) under either user equilibrium or system optimum traffic flow pattern. It is found that the optimal planning of parking can be different from the non-AV situation, since the vehicles can drive themselves to parking spaces that are further away from the city center and walking of commuters is avoided. This paper sheds light on future parking supply planning and traffic management.     

《城市停车规划规范》要点解读

《城市停车规划规范》(GB/T 51149—2016)(以下简称《规范》)已于2017年2月1日起实施,对其编制的技术要点及主要条文内容进行解读,有助于更好地理解和执行《规范》。首先对《规范》编制的主要目的、意义和背景进行介绍。在统一对城市停车规划认识的基础上,明确城市停车规划应包含的内容。对城市停车位供给规模及比例构成等关键技术指标进行解释和说明,支持城市可持续发展的停车规划的制定。在提出通过多种途径增加停车位供给以缓解当前停车矛盾的同时,也考虑到为支持新能源汽车的发展在规划上预留空间。     

A novel permit scheme for managing parking competition and bottleneck congestion

Morning commuters may have to depart from home earlier to secure a parking space when parking supply in the city center is insufficient. Recent studies show that parking reservations can reduce highway congestion and deadweight loss of parking competition simultaneously. This study develops a novel tradable parking permit scheme to realize or implement parking reservations when commuters are either homogeneous or heterogeneous in their values of time. It is found that an expirable parking permit scheme with an infinite number of steps, i.e., the ideal-scheme, is superior to a time-varying pricing scheme in the sense that designing a permit scheme does not require commuters’ value of time information and the performance of the scheme is robust to the variation of commuters’ value of time. Although it is impractical to implement the ideal-scheme with an infinite number of steps, the efficiency loss of a permit scheme with finite steps can be bounded in both cases of homogeneous and heterogeneous commuters. Moreover, considering the permit scheme may lead to an undesirable benefit distribution among commuters, we propose an equal cost-reduction distribution of parking permits where auto commuters with higher value of time will receive fewer permits.     

A review of the impact of parking policy measures on travel demand

This paper reviews the empirical evidence relating to the impact of parking policy measures on the demand for parking and for travel. Disaggregate modal choice models, disaggregate parking location models and site‐specific studies of parking behaviour are examined. With regard to modal choice models, it is concluded that few studies deal adequately with parking factors, but that there is some support for the view that parking policy measures are a relatively important influence on modal choice. When parking location models are examined parking policy variables are shown to have a substantial impact on choice of parking location. With regard to site‐specific studies, the paper concludes that there is a great variation in the parking price elasticities quoted, which reflects partly the methodological problems associated with such studies. Suggestions to improve model specification are made.     

基于经济学视角的停车费价格机制分析

车辆的持续增长给城市尤其是大城市带来严峻的负外部影响:交通拥堵与尾气污染,而尾气污染正是霾形成的重要因素。日益严重的"堵"和"霾"迫使城市治理者必须面对和解决不断增长的车辆需求与稀缺的城市交通资源这一矛盾。基于经济学视角,从车辆(保有、出行)与停车位完全互补关系出发,构建停车费价格模型与"停车费——车辆成本"联动效应分析,通过停车费影响消费者保有及出行车辆的成本,间接影响消费者的购车意愿和车辆出行意愿,从而达到有效控制车辆增长、削减其使用量,促进城市交通资源优化配置的目的。最后从加快公车产权改革、建立动态的停车费价格调整制度、实行差异化停车费政策、优化公交系统以及适当限制车位供应等方面得出城市治理者运用停车费价格机制提高城市交通运行效率的政策启示。     

厦蓉高速公路榕江停车区选址论证

结合地质情况,针对榕江停车区的选址提出了3种方案,并从技术可行、经济合理、实施可能的角度进行了论证,给出推荐意见。强调对于山区复杂地形的停车区选址宜采取灵活的思路,顺势而为。     

城市多功能建筑共享式停车需求预测分析

停车需求预测是停车设施规划的一项基础性工作,是制定各种停车规划与管理方法的重要依据。长期以来,对停车需求的预测往往是将各类不同用地性质的停车需求量进行简单的累加,而忽略不同用地性质的停车共享性。通过分析大型多功能建筑的各种停车特性,在单一用地性质的停车生成率模型的基础上,考虑到时间的变化性、驾车者的可接受步行距离以及区位等因素的影响,建立多功能建筑的共享式停车需求预测模型,为城市多功能混合用地的停车需求预测提供有效的方法。     

北京市停车换乘需求调查与分析

停车换乘（Park＆Ride,简称P＆R）作为一种交通出行模式,在许多国外城市被采用。目前,我国北京市、上海市等城市均进行了停车换乘设施的规划和试点。本文基于对北京市天通苑北和巴沟两个停车换乘点的停车换乘需求调查,分析比较了停车换乘需求特性,结果表明：天通苑北和巴沟的机动车和非机动车驶入停车场的高峰时段均为早上7：00...     

地下停车场交通工程设施设计研究

针对现有规范对地下停车场交通工程设施设计规定不尽详细的问题,在国内设计现状调查的基础上,总结现有工程取得的经验教训,从功能需求角度出发,提出了地下停车场交通工程设施的设计原则,并对其设计内容包括车辆引导设施和行人设施进行了详细论述,可为停车场工程设计提供参考。     

基于Logit模型的大连市居民通勤出行行为研究

针对大连市主城区进行通勤出行方式的意向偏好调查.选取7家企事业单位的200名驾车通勤者作为研究对象,建立以私家车、公共汽车为选择对象的二元Logit模型,研究停车收费及公交服务水平的变化对不同特性停车者的出行选择方式影响.结果表明:停车收费费率及公交服务水平对城市居民的通勤出行方式选择有显著影响.将合理的停车收费体系与提高公共交通服务水平相结合,是一种优秀的交通需求管理手段.