新型停放制动机械缓解装置设计研究

分析了目前城市轨道交通车辆停放制动械缓解装置的技术背景,以及存在的问题和安全隐患。详细介绍了新型停放制动机械缓解装置的组成、结构设计和功能原理。模型车试验验证和真车型式试验验证表明,其性能满足用户提出的在车上、车下均能操作机械缓解停放制动的需求。同时,新型停放制动机械缓解装置的操作受到车辆监控系统的监控,更加安全可靠。该新型停放制动机械缓解装置已经批量应用在出口美国波士顿的地铁车辆上。新型停放制动机械缓解装置的设计思想给我国城市轨道交通车辆设计和铁路动车组车辆设计提供了方向。     

The residential parking rent price elasticity of car ownership in Japan

By using household-level micro data captured through the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure for 2004, this study evaluates the residential parking rent price elasticity of car ownership in Japan. It analyzes the number of cars owned by a household, using various attributes including expenditure for renting a parking space on a monthly basis. The estimation results derived from the IV-ordered probit model show that the absolute value of parking rent price elasticity of car ownership is, at most, 0.48, which is fairly small (i.e., inelastic). The elasticity value varies depending on city size; for megacities, elasticity is always negative for car ownership, whereas for middle-sized or small cities, towns, and villages, elasticity is positive for one-car ownership and negative for the ownership of more than one car. Hence, when the price of parking increases, some people may switch from more than one car to one car and some people in megacities may switch from one to zero cars. Indeed, the net effect of a price increase may be that non-car ownership increases in megacities and one-car ownership increases in other cities.     

Gender differences in travel behaviour and willingness to adopt sustainable behaviour

This paper presents pioneering research on gender differences in travel behaviour in southeastern Europe. The study analyses the socio-economic and main travel characteristics (particularly parking) of men and women. Additionally, it examines the influence of parking demand management measures on their behaviour, in terms of the willingness of men and women to reduce car use and to adopt more sustainable behaviour. The results reveal significant differences between genders in most of the characteristics examined. Moreover, it is shown that women are less car dependent and more sensitive to parking pricing and, therefore, more willing to replace a car journey with public transport. These findings suggest that gender should be an essential parameter when user behaviour is examined and modelled. Furthermore, the results indicate that gender differences must be considered when transport policy is created to affect the behaviour of men and women equally. The achievement of social equality is one of the primary objectives of sustainable development.     

城市中心区停车规划策略研究

中心区交通拥堵、停车困难是大城市普遍存在的问题,而调查发现中心区的停车设施利用率却普遍不高。该文从重庆观音桥商业中心区的停车现状着手,分析其存在的问题,提出了依托公共交通方式控制停车总量、利用外围停车引导车流、构建地下停车道路系统、建立停车信息系统等规划策略,并针对现状问题做出了具体的改善措施。该文对其他城市中心区的停车系统规划有一定的借鉴意义。     

城市快速公交(BRT)专用道客运能力探讨

从分析车辆的制动过程出发,推导出在保证公交车辆安全和满足乘客基本舒适条件下公交车辆最小车头时距的计算方法,在此基础上对理想道路交通条件下(即不考虑停靠站等因素的影响)快速公交系统专用道的理论客运能力进行了研究.通过分析停靠站停靠能力的影响因素,探讨了在考虑停靠站影响条件下BRT实际客运能力的计算方法,并给出了不同车辆配置、不同停靠滞留时间和不同停靠泊位数所对应的BRT实际客运能力值.     

交通需求管理措施及实施效果的调查研究

交通需求管理提供了解决交通问题的方法,可为经济、社会以及环境带来一定的收益,但不同城市和地区的交通问题有所不同．必须根据各自城市的实际特点制定出切实可行具体方法,交通需求管理才能成为解决城市交通问题的有效手段。     

基于用地的停车需求预测模型研究

停车问题已经成为制约城市发展的一大瓶颈,为了给城市停车场配建提供基础依据,并有效缓解城市停车设施的供需矛盾,以停车生成率模型为基础,通过对停车用地类型进行详细分类、对停车时段进行详细划分,建立了分时段用地结构预测模型。然后将该模型应用到实际项目中,通过与机动车OD预测法的预测结果相对比,验证了分时段用地结构预测模型的可行性与实用性,对促进城市交通的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

机非隔离带非机动车景观式停车设计

在国家政策的引导和国内交通环境的压力下未来非机动车数量将会进一步增长,然而与之相配套的基础停车设施研究却较为落后.结合城市集约化的用地特征以及现非机动车停车设施服务现状,提出了一种新的机非隔离带非机动车景观式停车设计方案.主张以科学性、生态性、地域性与现代性为原则,在保持停车基本功能的基础上,将机非隔离带非机动车停车设计衍生为城市公共景观的一部分,并根据这一设计目的,进行了概念化设计.     

江西省高速公路ETC发展现状及对策研究

过去10年高速公路电子不停车收费（简称ETC）在国内呈现快速发展势头,但是,江西ETC车道覆盖率和使用率不高、用户数量发展缓慢、客户服务质量较低等较为明显。文章分析了江西省与全国ETC发展情况,在营销推广、客户服务、车道维护等方面调研资料基础上,发现问题。认为ETC的发展必须合理利用其自身的各方面的资源和优势,紧紧抓住交通大发展的机遇,内部与外部相结合,转变推广理念,拓展功能领域,提升服务品质,强化车道维护等方面的对策。     

办公类建筑停车特性分析

现有办公类建筑停车特性分析主要以单位高峰停车数为主,缺乏对停车样本特性的研究。以某办公大厦为例,分析总体停车供需特征。通过停车调查,基于K-means clustering算法,将停车样本分类并用高斯曲线拟合研究其特征,总结办公类建筑停车的4种类别及其特点。