山区避险车道设计研究

结合张涿高速设计对山区公路长下坡的避险车道设计进行探讨,提出避险车道对于提高道路安全性能的重要性。     

城市快速路匝道合流区与基本路段交通流特征对比

基于快速路实测数据和微观仿真数据,从交通流基本图、交通流状态空间传播、匝道与主线流量关系和车道横向分布特征4个方面对比了匝道合流区与基本路段的交通流特征.结论表明:由于匝道车辆汇入的影响,匝道合流区与基本路段的交通流特征存在较大的差别,在城市快速路的规划、设计、管理和控制中都应该区别对待.     

扬州瘦西湖隧道通风系统设计

扬州瘦西湖隧道为穿过国家5A级风景名胜区的单管双层隧道,为了解决洞口环保问题,采用SES对隧道内通风量和污染物浓度进行了模拟计算,结合洞口污染物扩散范围和环境敏感点分布情况,确定了上下层隧道均采用竖井排出式的纵向通风方式;针对烟气沉降速度快的特点,优化了横断面布置,在盾构段和部分明挖段设置排烟道,采用重点排烟的方式,人员安全可用疏散时间提高了1倍,并且在疏散楼梯间采用了上下层分别设置加压送风机的方式,确保了烟气不会进入非事故隧道,极大地提高了人员的安全性。     

浅析互通立交匝道纵面设计

阐述了互通立交匝道纵面设计的总体原则,针对互通立交匝道设计综合性高、平面与纵面间相互影响、匝道与匝道间相互制约等特点,对匝道纵断面设计、纵断面拉坡顺序、超高设计提出了看法和建议。     

螺旋匝道和螺旋桥的小客车行驶速度特征

为明确螺旋匝道和螺旋桥处的驾驶行为模式和汽车运行特征，在涪陵长江一桥、乌江二桥、重庆融侨大道和涪陵金凯环形高架4处地点开展螺旋匝道实车试验，用车载仪器采集自然驾驶状态下的汽车连续行驶轨迹、速度以及周围行驶环境等信息。基于自然驾驶数据，研究螺旋匝道范围内的速度变化模式、幅值特性以及影响因素。研究结果表明：单车道螺旋匝道的速度变化模式多样化，双车道螺旋匝道的行驶速度在整体上维持稳定，匝道范围内的连续升坡和降坡并未导致速度出现趋势性衰减和趋势性升高；螺旋匝道并入主线时，驾驶人在合流鼻之前有明显的、共性的减速行为，这与现行设计标准中的设计假定相反；除涪陵长江一桥之外，其余3处都是下行速度低于上行速度；螺旋匝道设计速度越低，实测速度与设计速度之间的偏离越严重，并且速度幅值离散化，因此不建议使用20 km·h^-1的匝道设计速度；螺旋匝道运行速度与匝道半径成正相关。     

Development of analytical procedure for selection of control measures to reduce congestions at various freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM) affect freeway traffic operations in different ways and, accordingly, result in different effects on system travel time. The primary objective of this study is to propose an analytical procedure to help determine which control measure should be selected given different freeway bottlenecks and traffic conditions. The bottlenecks considered included an isolated merge bottleneck, a merge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream off-ramp, and a diverge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream on-ramp. Two RM and a VSL control strategies were considered, including the ALINEA, ALINEA/Q and feedback based VSL. The maximum achievable improvements in system efficiency by various control measures were calculated and the results were tested using modified cell transmission models. A coordinated control strategy that combined ALINEA/Q and VSL control was also proposed. The effects of VSL and RM control on system travel time at different freeway bottleneck areas were compared to identify the applicable conditions of different control measures. The analytical procedure was proposed for the selection of control measures at different bottlenecks and the ex-ante estimation of control effects were also discussed.     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

并联高架路的中间匝道及岛式车站站棚

并联高架路是一种车辆在高架道路上逆向行驶,主要为城市公共交通服务的道路。地面道路与并联高架路联系的匝道设在并联高架路的中间;岛式车站站棚的立柱设在岛式站台的两侧,这样岛式车站内空间宽敞,站棚受力合理,结构稳固,适合在站棚下安装为电动汽车充电的接触板。     

浅述过水侧石在天津临港经济区清河道道路设计中的应用

多年以来,我国的城市道路建设均使用城市地下雨水管道收集路面雨水,这种方法破坏了原有的雨水循环系统,产生了很多问题。在临港经济区清河道的道路设计中,因地制宜地设计了一种过水侧石,既不破坏原来的雨水循环系统,又极大地降低了工程量。详细介绍这种过水侧石在清河道道路设计中的应用。     

独柱支撑匝道桥抗倾覆验算汽车荷载研究

为减免独柱支撑匝道桥倾覆事故的发生,对该类桥梁抗倾覆验算汽车荷载进行研究。通过对国内外相关规范汽车荷载的比较、已有该类桥梁倾覆事故的汽车荷载调查分析、重载交通汽车荷载模式下该类桥梁倾覆效应的研究,得出:对于重载交通线路,《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTGD60-2004)汽车荷载计算的桥梁倾覆效应小,安全度不足,且随着桥梁联长的增长,安全度降低。建议在计算该类桥梁倾覆效应时,汽车荷载以加载总量为主要控制指标(可采用控制单车道折算线荷载集度的方式),具体数值应根据实际条件,就当地发生重载交通的程度确定。