石灰岩质碎石最大干密度理论计算方法研究

文章通过推证两粒级石灰岩质碎石最大干密度公式,并结合压碎效应及材料变异性对混合料最大干密度的影响分析,得出了三种粒级石灰岩质碎石以任意比例掺配时的混合料最大干密度的一般求法,为石灰岩质碎石最大干密度问题的求解提供方法依据。     

基于Atmegal128的智能核子密度计的设计

介绍了一种以单片机Atmegal128为核心,以放射线强度的测量和转换电路为主要外围元件的智能核子密度计。该仪表可用于测量管道中流动的各种流体或半流体的密度,且具有自调试功能。硬件结构简单、运算速度高、控制能力强。     

放射式轨道路网的系统出行成本研究

探讨放射式轨道路网下的系统出行成本，能够为评价轨道交通服务水平、确定合理的线路数量和运营参数提供理论支持。基于研究区域人口密度服从Clark 分布，建立了系统出行成本模型。模型将乘客在步行时间、车站等待时间和车上等待时间换算为费用作为系统出行成本的一部分，结合运营商的运营和维护成本得到系统人均出行总成本。以成都市为例，通过模型分析确定最优发车频率为13 veh/h、轨道线路数为5条，较符合实际情况，验证了模型的有效性。     

Effects of high-speed rail and airline cooperation under hub airport capacity constraint

This paper analyzes the effects of cooperation between a hub-and-spoke airline and a high-speed rail (HSR) operator when the hub airport may be capacity-constrained. We find that such cooperation reduces traffic in markets where prior modal competition occurs, but may increase traffic in other markets of the network. The cooperation improves welfare, independent of whether or not the hub capacity is constrained, as long as the modal substitutability in the overlapping markets is low. However, if the modal substitutability is high, then hub capacity plays an important role in assessing the welfare impact: If the hub airports are significantly capacity-constrained, the cooperation improves welfare; otherwise, it is likely welfare reducing. Through simulations we further study the welfare effects of modal asymmetries in the demands and costs, heterogeneous passenger types, and economies of traffic density. Our analysis shows that the economies of traffic density alone cannot justify airline–HSR cooperation.     

A translog cost function of the integrated air freight business: The case of FedEx and UPS

This paper analyzes the cost structure of the integrated air freight business by means of a translog cost function. This allows to extend knowledge on the supply side and to examine if strategies of integrators are consistent with cost structure. The cost function is based on quarterly time-series data from 1990 to 2010 for FedEx and UPS. A total and a variable model are estimated. In addition, a static as well as a dynamic approach is followed. We find that integrators exhibit strong scale and density economies in the short and the long term. This result is in line with the aggressive expansion and cooperation strategies pursued by integrators. Our results indicate that the concentration in the integrated air freight industry will continue: a concern for industry actors and regulatory agencies.     

Empirical analysis of heterogeneous traffic flow and calibration of porous flow model

Heterogeneous traffic flow, characterized by a free inter-lane exchange, has become an important issue in addressing congestion in urban areas. It is of particular interest in many developing countries, that experience a strong increase in motorcycle use. New approaches to the heterogeneous non-lane-based flow have been proposed. However insufficient empirical verification has been made to estimate vehicle interaction, that is necessary for an accurate representation of mixed-flow conditions. In this paper, we focus on the porous flow approach to capture the complex interactions. The parameters from this approach are estimated from empirical observations. Video data was recorded and processed to capture vehicle interactions at a number of road sections in Surabaya City, Indonesia. The specific behavior of each vehicle in the traffic flow was captured by developing the pore size–density distributions, analyzing the class-specific critical pore sizes, and producing the class specific speed–density and flow–density diagrams. The results reveal how critical pore sizes are based on pore size–density distributions, the flow diagram for each vehicle class, and how traffic flow relationships for motorcyclists and the other vehicles exhibit significant differences. It is concluded that the proposed approach can represent the specific behavior of the motorcyclist in heterogeneous traffic flow, in both the situations of with- and without an exclusive lane for motorcycles, can clarify motorcyclist’s behavior in terms of passenger car unit of motorcycle, and can therefore support policy making on the improvement of urban transport.     

The role of urban form and transit in city car dependence: Analysis of 26 global cities from 1960 to 2000

Car dependence is in decline in most developed cities, but its cause is still unclear as cities struggle with priorities in urban form and transport infrastructure. This paper draws conclusions from analysis of data in 26 cities over the last 40 years of the 20th century. Statistical modelling techniques are applied to urban transport and urban form data, while examining the influence of region, city archetype and individual fixed effects. Structural equation modelling is employed to address causation and understand the direct and indirect effects of selected parameters on per capita vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT). Findings suggest that, while location effects are important, transit service levels and urban density play a significant part in determining urban car use per capita, and causality does flow from these factors towards a city’s levels of private vehicle travel as well as the level of the provision of road capacity.     

自升式平台的桩基刚度对自由振动影响的研究

采用SNAME直接简化计算法,对某自升式平台的桩基刚度以及桩靴与地基相互作用的刚度进行直接计算,并探讨了桩基刚度对平台自由振动的影响,从而实现前期设计阶段平台总强度设计和辅助生产设计的目的。     

25T型软卧车结构随机振动精细分析

利用随机振动高效算法与振型分解法相结合的车辆随机振动仿真系统,建立25T型软卧车包括车体、构架、轮对及弹簧阻尼元件在内的整车动力学精细模型,以美国AAR标准提供的六级轨道谱为动载荷,完成了该车结构的随机振动仿真计算,动力学方程数约20万个,得到较为详细的车辆结构随机振动响应,并讨论了轮轨不平顺造成激振能量的衰减过程.     

大型客车搭铁电路设计

主要介绍客车整车线路中负极搭铁回路涉及的电位差问题、短路电流问题,并对实际应用中的搭铁设计进行总结并提出建议。