黄土路基沉降变权重组合模型预测方法研究

利用兰武二线路基沉降观测数据,对黄土路基沉降变权重组合模型预测方法进行分析研究。研究结果表明:根据拟合精度选择单个模型时,要尽量选择相对误差偏离方向相反且大小相差不多的单个模型;在单个模型预测精度相差不大时,单个模型的数量越多,组合模型的精度会越高;单个模型的拟合精度越高,对应的组合模型的拟合精度也越高;组合模型相对误差与单个模型的相对误差的偏离方向和大小有关;在相同预测精度要求下,组合模型需要的观测时间比单个模型要短。     

京沪高铁天津西站曲线变宽异型钢箱梁设计实践

在恒载、温度荷载和活载等因素作用下连续曲线钢箱梁会出现支座脱空、梁体侧移和翻转等问题。同时相对直梁桥,弯桥扭转效应明显,应引起重视。该文通过京沪高铁天津西站异型连续曲线钢箱梁的设计实践,探讨该类桥梁设计中应注意的若干问题,使连续曲线钢箱梁设计安全、合理、经济。     

强度拟合法分析计算合流制排水管道截流倍数

分析影响截流倍数的影响因素,探讨合理的截流倍数计算方法。通过某老城镇合流制排水系统截流改造算例分析,综合考虑合流水量、截流规模、排放污染物总量、水体排放要求及水体自净能力等,采用旱季暴雨强度拟合法分析确定截流倍数,以达到节省工程投资和保护环境的目的。     

站桥同位合建上盖钢箱梁“π”形支架门吊架设技术

为了解决繁华城区既有道路有限空间内快速、安全架设小半径曲线钢箱梁的施工难题,依托地铁车站柱网形式及围护结构冠梁为基础,采用高位门吊及"π"形支架体系架设方案,实现了在空间受限情况下,地铁车站、市政道路及高架桥三者的和谐统一。以合肥南北高架一号线Ⅰ标明挖地铁芜湖路站及其同位合建的上盖小半径反曲线钢箱梁为例,阐述站桥同位合建理念及"π"形支架联合门吊架梁方案,并对架梁支架及架梁对地铁车站的影响进行力学分析。得出以下结论:1)站桥同位合建共用一个走廊,既减少拆迁,又节约投资,为繁华城区有限空间立体开发提出了解决思路;2)利用下卧地铁车站柱网及桩顶冠梁,"π"形支架联合门吊架设,支架简单可靠、门吊快速安全,平行流水作业,安全、快速、经济,很好地克服了"S"形小半径反向曲线反超高的空间扭曲结构曲线拟合难、安全风险大的困难;3)"π"形支架支撑体系利用了下部车站柱网结构,能满足安全性要求。     

California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard: Modeling financial least-cost pathways to compliance in Northwest California

The transition to low-carbon transportation fuels plays a key role in ongoing efforts to combat climate change. This analysis seeks to optimize potential alternative fuel portfolios that would lead to a 10% reduction in fuel carbon intensity by 2020 as required under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS).We present a novel, probabilistic modeling approach for evaluating alternative fuel portfolios based on their marginal greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement costs. Applied to a case study region in Northwest California, our model enables us to quantify the financial cost of GHG reduction via each fuel pathway, as well as for a portfolio deployed to meet the LCFS target. It also enables us to explore the sensitivity of the alternative fuel portfolio, evaluating the impact of fluctuating prices, fuel carbon intensities, and technology penetrations on the makeup of the portfolio and on the average cost of GHG abatement.We find that battery electric vehicles play a critical role, as they offer the lowest-financial-cost significant abatement in almost all plausible scenarios. However, electric vehicles alone will not be sufficient to reach the target; low-carbon biofuels can be expected to play a role in the achievement of 2020 Low Carbon Fuel Standard targets.     

印尼ADIPALA海域较长周期波浪谱分析

波浪谱是进行海岸工程设计的重要基础,不同海区、不同周期的波浪谱特性不同,因此有必要对于实际海上观测波浪的谱特性进行分析研究。针对在印尼海岸观测的较长周期波浪数据进行了波浪谱分析,给出谱特征参数与海浪统计特征值之间的关系。并基于JONSWAP谱型,对实测波浪谱进行拟合,得出适用于该海域的波浪谱公式,研究成果可为实际工程设计提供重要的参考。     

A framework for estimating traffic emissions: The development of Passenger Car Emission Unit

In this study, we develop a Passenger Car Emission Unit (PCEU) framework for estimating traffic emissions. The idea is analogous to the use of Passenger Car Unit (PCU) for modeling the congestion effect of different vehicle types. In this approach, we integrate emission modeling and cost evaluation. Different emissions, typically speed-dependent, are integrated as an overall cost via their corresponding external costs. We then develop a normalization procedure to obtain a general trend that is applicable for all vehicle types, which is used to derive a standard cost curve. Different vehicle types with different emission standards are then mapped to this standard cost curve through their corresponding PCEUs that are to be calibrated. Once the standard cost curve and PCEUs have been calibrated, to estimate the overall cost of emission for a particular vehicle, we only need to multiply the corresponding PCEU of that vehicle type to the standard cost curve. We apply this PCEU approach to Hong Kong and obtain promising results. Compared with the results obtained by the full-blown emission model COPERT, the approach achieves high accuracy but obviates tedious inputs typically required for emission estimation.     

A real-time system for monitoring driver fatigue

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a nonintrusive prototype computer vision system for real-time fatigue driving detection. First, we use Haar-like features to detect a driver’s face and conduct tracking by introducing an improved Camshift algorithm. Second, we propose a new eye-detection algorithm that combines the Adaboost algorithm with template matching to reduce computational costs and add an eye-validation process to increase the accuracy of the detection rate. Third, and different from other methods focusing on detecting eyes using the ‘bright pupil’ effect, which only works well only for certain constrained lighting conditions, our method detects and estimates the iris center in the hue (H) channel of the hue, saturation, value color space and fits the iris with an ellipse. After extracting the eye fatigue features, we calculate the PERCLOS measurement for fatigue evaluation. This system has been tested on the IMM Face Database, which contains more than 200 faces, and in a real-time test. The experimental results show that the system possesses good accuracy and robustness.     

An analytical SCF solution method for joint misalignments and application in fatigue test data interpretation

In this study, we first present a general analytical method for calculating stress concentration factors in a cruciform connection containing either axial or angular misalignment between two intercostal members through an application of Castigliano's second theorem. As such, various end restraint conditions of interest in practice can be considered with ease. Such a solution method provides stress concentration factors at intersection location not only with respect to intercostal members, but also with respect to continuous members. A comprehensive set of SCF solutions, confirmed by finite element solutions, are then presented in tabular forms which can be used as supplements to the existing SCF solutions such as those given in BS 7910 and DNV-RP-C203 for performing fatigue and fracture assessment of welded connections. Some of the existing solutions are shown to be valid only under a narrower set of conditions than documented and some seem to be in significant error. As a further demonstration of the validity of the analytical approach presented in this paper, the same analytical formulation is applied for examining interaction effects between misalignments and fatigue testing conditions, resulting in significantly improved correlation of fatigue test data obtained as a part of this study.     

乳化沥青冷再生混合料疲劳性能研究

采用目前工程上常用的两档沥青路面铣刨旧料对RAP掺量为80％和100％的乳化沥青冷再生混合料进行材料组成设计.通过击实试验和劈裂试验分别确定其最佳流体含量和最佳乳化量用量.在配合比设计基础上采用控制应变加载模式对乳化沥青冷再生混合料疲劳性能进行试验研究,确定了加载较为合理的应变水平,即300,250,200με和150με.试验结果表明,在应变水平较高时,两种RAP掺量下乳化沥青冷再生混合料能承受有限的荷载作用次数,当应变水平降低到150 μe时,两种RAP掺量混合料在150万次荷载作用下仍未破坏,采用劲度模量与荷载作用次数预估的方法确定了疲劳寿命.通过对4种应变水平-荷载作用次数进行疲劳曲线拟合,提出两种RAP掺量下乳化沥青冷再生混合料的应变控制指标.