绞吸船在软土地质下横移锚抓地力计算方法

大型绞吸船采用三角宽鳍锚作为横移挖掘的定位锚,针对横移锚在软土地质条件下锚抓力受限的问题,采用土体的极限平衡原理进行横移锚受力分析,建立三角宽鳍横移锚抓地力计算方法。经计算分析,在软土地质条件下,影响横移锚抓地力的主要因素为锚冠入土深度、土楔破坏角和锚杆角度。结果表明,锚冠入土越深,锚抓地力越大;锚杆与水平面夹角越小,锚抓地力越大;随土楔破坏角逐步增加,锚抓地力呈先减小、后变大的趋势;土楔破坏角在20°~25°时,横移锚抓地力最小,锚抓力系数为14左右。     

基于磨损元素比例特征的发动机磨损状态诊断

针对不连续采样时的车用发动机磨损故障诊断问题,基于摩擦磨损原理和摩擦副元素之间的相关性,提出了基于比例特征的发动机磨损状态模糊优选诊断方法,建立了发动机磨损变化的比例模型,研究了摩擦副主要磨损元素之间在磨损过程中的比例关系,运用模糊优选理论实现了发动机磨损状态的诊断。通过典型磨损状态的油样光谱分析数据验证了该诊断方法的有效性,解决了车用发动机在不连续采样情况下的磨损故障诊断难题。     

剃齿刀刃磨技术

剃齿刀和其它金属切削刀具一样，切削工件数越多，其刀具切削刃磨损越严重，并导致切削工件几何精度下降，这时在加工件的尺寸超出它的允许公差之前，剃齿刀切削刃槽底出现磨损，切削刃变钝这时必须进行修磨，另外，阐述了剃齿刀直径与公法线关系及刃磨图表的应用，以及不同阶段的剃齿刀对齿轮齿形的影响及采取的相应措施。     

微表处耐磨性能影响因素试验研究

该文介绍了微表处耐磨性能影响因素试验研究。通过侵水1h湿轮磨耗试验,研究添加不同种类及剂量改性剂的乳化沥青、矿料级配、水泥掺加量等因素对微表处耐磨性能的影响。试验结果表明,在相同油石比的试验条件下:使用SBR胶乳改性乳化沥青的微表处耐磨性能优于使用SBS胶乳改性乳化沥青;随着改性剂剂量的增大,微表处耐磨性能逐渐变好,并趋于稳定;矿料中值级配微表处耐磨性能最好,级配上限与级配下限微表处耐磨性能基本相当;水泥掺加量对微表处耐磨性能有提高,也有降低。     

Tangential force variation due to the bogie direction reversal procedure

A range of tangential forces is generated within the contact patch when a wheelset moves on the rail. These forces are intensified when incorporating curved tracks and motored axle rail vehicles [Arrus, P., de Pater, A.D. and Meyers, P., 2002, The stationary motion of a one-axle vehicle along a circular curve with real rail and wheel profiles. Vehicle System Dynamics, 37(1), 29–58]. The wheelset is subject to flange contact if an unbalanced force remains in a curve towards the high rail gauge face. The resultant force in the transverse direction includes the lateral force, the radial force, and the creep forces in addition to the effect of the frequent wheelset displacement due to the kinematic oscillation [Iwnicki, S., 2003, Simulation of wheel–rail contact forces. Fatigue Fracture Engineering Material Structure, 26, 887–900]. This article has focused on a potential variation in some of the forces cited when the wheelset is subject to backward and forward movements. A severe wear rate observed within the wheel flange region in Iranian Railways was investigated by operating a test bogie on a curvaceous track. An obvious improvement in the wear rate and wear pattern of the wheels was attained when the second test bogie encountered a bogie direction reversal procedure. This enhancement is considered in this article from the force analysis standpoint.     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

重载货车车轮踏面垂直磨耗原因分析及改进

分析总结了大秦线重载货车车轮磨耗的原因,并针对解决大秦线车轮非正常磨耗提出几点建议。     

Wear simulation for the centre plate arrangement of a freight car

The bodies of many railway freight cars in many countries of the world are coupled to the running gear by means of a body centre plate that makes a friction pair with a centre bowl. During motion, the bogie is rotated and moved with respect to the car body. This leads to wear on the contact surfaces. Lubrication is inexpedient in this case because the friction forces damp the vibrations (so-called bogie hunting) during motion. Usually, centre plates exhibit noticeable wear after two years of operation. Reducing wear requires knowing details of the wear process which, in turn, requires computer simulation of freight car motion for an operation period of 10–15 years. The purpose of this paper is to develop a universal method for wear simulation of friction pairs that could be used, in particular, for the centre plate of a freight car.     

重载铁路轮轨磨损原因探讨

根据轮轨接触理论，分析了不同轮轨接触几何匹配关系下的轮轨接触应力情况，指出轮轨接触应力、轮轨接触几何关系、轴重是影响重载铁路轮轨磨损的主要因素，从重载运输装备方面提出了减少轮轨磨损的几点建议。     

泥沙颗粒对UHMWPE材料水润滑性能的影响规律

为研究船舶水润滑尾轴承材料超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）在含沙水质下的摩擦学性能,利用 CBZ-1摩擦磨损试验机进行试验。结果表明：在水润滑条件下,泥沙对试验材料的摩擦学性能有很大的影响,并且泥沙浓度对材料摩擦性能的影响大于泥沙粒度;材料的摩擦性能随着泥沙浓度的增加逐渐下降;泥沙粒度影响着摩擦副间的切应力和沙粒进入摩擦副间隙的难易程度。在泥沙粒度48μm/浓度1.2%的环境下,材料具有更加恶劣的摩擦学性能。适当提高滑动速度会加强摩擦副的润滑性能,但过高的速度会使泥沙颗粒严重破坏磨损表面;材料的摩擦性能随载荷的增大而逐渐恶化,在高载工况下的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。