厦门轨道交通2号线跨海段盾构滚刀磨损与更换预测

对盾构法施工跨海隧道,有效降低由于滚刀磨损所带来的作业风险并有计划地进行滚刀更换十分重要,针对厦门轨道交通2号线跨海段地质条件,基于理论预测模型和实验预测模型对几类岩石条件下滚刀的换刀距离进行了预测。通过分析刀具更换工法的适应性,提出对厦门轨道交通2号线跨海段换刀位置与换刀工法的建议： 1）淤泥段采用切削类刀具,换刀方式采用常压开舱换刀,换刀位置在1#联络通道附近; 2）全强风化低压段采用盘形滚刀,换刀方式以带压进舱换刀为主,在该掘进段需要换刀4次,其中第3次在大兔屿1#中间风井处更换,其余3次均在海底更换; 3）全强风化高压段采用盘形滚刀,在该掘进段需要换刀4次,换刀方式以饱和气体带压进舱换刀为主; 4）中微风化硬岩段采用盘形滚刀,在该掘进段需要换刀3次,换刀方式以减压限排换刀为主。     

基于 GT-Crank 仿真的柴油机气缸磨损时瞬时转速分析

利用 GT‐Crank 软件对柴油机曲轴瞬时转速进行仿真分析计算,研究了正常状态、单缸磨损、多个相邻缸磨损和多个非邻缸磨损状态下瞬时转速的变化规律,提取了状态特征参数,并分析了气缸磨损对其他缸的影响,为深入研究瞬时转速在柴油机状态检测诊断中的应用提供了理论依据。     

基于分形理论的气缸套磨损表面特征形貌表征

基于分形维数和多重分形谱理论,以不同工况下镀铬气缸套—PVD活塞环摩擦磨损试验试样为对象,通过三维共聚焦激光扫描显微镜获取磨损表面的二维灰度图像,并将其转化成黑白二值图像,采用盒维数法测算缸套磨损表面的分形维数,运用多重分形谱测算谱宽度,定量表征气缸套磨损表面的形貌特征和表面的高度均一性。结果表明,气缸套磨损表面具有明显的分形特征,且为一重分形。表面越粗糙,分形维数越小,分形谱宽度值越大。     

Tangential force variation due to the bogie direction reversal procedure

A range of tangential forces is generated within the contact patch when a wheelset moves on the rail. These forces are intensified when incorporating curved tracks and motored axle rail vehicles [Arrus, P., de Pater, A.D. and Meyers, P., 2002, The stationary motion of a one-axle vehicle along a circular curve with real rail and wheel profiles. Vehicle System Dynamics, 37(1), 29–58]. The wheelset is subject to flange contact if an unbalanced force remains in a curve towards the high rail gauge face. The resultant force in the transverse direction includes the lateral force, the radial force, and the creep forces in addition to the effect of the frequent wheelset displacement due to the kinematic oscillation [Iwnicki, S., 2003, Simulation of wheel–rail contact forces. Fatigue Fracture Engineering Material Structure, 26, 887–900]. This article has focused on a potential variation in some of the forces cited when the wheelset is subject to backward and forward movements. A severe wear rate observed within the wheel flange region in Iranian Railways was investigated by operating a test bogie on a curvaceous track. An obvious improvement in the wear rate and wear pattern of the wheels was attained when the second test bogie encountered a bogie direction reversal procedure. This enhancement is considered in this article from the force analysis standpoint.     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

TBM刀盘的有限元参数化建模系统开发

针对设计和研究人员快速构建TBM刀盘有限元模型的需求,采用APDL与VC++可视化编程技术相结合的方法,在编制刀盘建模APDL程序的基础上,开发友好的人机交互界面,实现了VC++与ANSYS之间的参数传递,建立了一套可视性良好的TBM刀盘有限元参数化建模系统。以某型号直径4 m TBM刀盘为例构建有限元模型,验证了该系统良好的实用性和可靠性。通过对此建模系统的开发,可实现TBM刀盘数字化建模、分析等全套设计。     

滚刀常压换刀技术研究

针对大直径高水压条件下盾构施工刀具更换难度高、风险大的问题,结合大直径盾构刀盘结构,通过开发滚刀常压换刀装置,实现在刀盘保压的情况下,常压更换部分滚刀,不但降低了带压条件下滚刀更换成本,而且降低了换刀风险。     

凸轮摇臂异常磨损的分析与试验

从改善润滑条件和减少机油因窜气受污染的角度解决了凸轮—摇臂副异常磨损问题。在改善凸轮—摇臂副润滑条件方面,加强了机油冷却使机油温度得到控制,加大了缸头机油供油油路直径、提高了机油泵泵油能力,使凸轮—摇臂副的供油量和油压得以提高;改进活塞环和缸体结构减少窜气,加强了密封。计算及试验表明,采取这些措施后,凸轮—摇臂副异常磨损问题得到了解决。     

掘进机刀具轴承设计研究

论述了轴承设计中应考虑的主要问题,根据掘进机刀具轴承的特殊使用工况要求,确定了刀具轴承的适合类型。并就刀具轴承设计和材料、工艺进行论述,针对刀具轴承的损伤原因、提出了设计上应注意的问题。     

重载货车车轮踏面垂直磨耗原因分析及改进

分析总结了大秦线重载货车车轮磨耗的原因,并针对解决大秦线车轮非正常磨耗提出几点建议。