精细化管理在汽车备件管理中的应用

从备件的需求预测、营销、仓储、技术等几个方面的精细化管理进行详细论述。     

柔性基座上隔振系统的能量分析

针对船用基座特点,建立起柔性基座上隔振系统的数学模型,利用该模型并采用振动功率流法对隔振系统进行计算,得到振动流规律.     

Risk and reward in public transportation contracting

The workshop discusses and documents a number of countries’ experiences regarding risk and reward in the delivery of public transport and determines the way in which competitive pressures actually work (or not) to deliver efficient and effective services. Papers are grouped into three main themes, i.e., public versus private management; negotiated versus competitively tendered contracts; and measures to improve performance. This chapter begins with a brief overview of each of the eight papers. This is followed by a section that out the discussions that emanated from the papers. Finally, the main policy and research recommendations are presented.     

电力电子与绿色能源

介绍了绿色能源的概念,以风力发电为重点介绍了电力电子技术在绿色能源发展中的应用以及分布式发电在绿色能源系统方面的应用.     

简支曲线板桥的曲线有限条分析

依据曲线有限条计算理论,采用fortran编程语言自编程序,对一简支曲线板桥进行分析计算,并与有限元ANSYSY分析结果相比较。由此可得到,有限条方法具有较高的精度,比有限元方法具有更高的计算效率。     

Imperfect reversibility of air transport demand: Effects of air fare,fuel prices and price transmission

There are recent evidence that air transport demand may not have a perfectly reversible relationship with income and jet fuel prices, as is assumed in most demand models. However, it is not known if the imperfectly reversible effects of jet fuel price are a result of asymmetries in the supply side, i.e., asymmetries in cost pass through from fuel prices to air fare, or of demand side behavioral asymmetries whereby people value gains and losses differently. This paper uses US time series data and decomposes air fare and fuel price into three component series to develop an econometric model of air transport demand that is capable of capturing the potential imperfectly reversible relationships and test for the presence or absence of reversibility. We find that air transport demand shows asymmetry with respect to air fare, indicating potential imperfect reversibility in consumer behavior. We also find evidence of asymmetry and hysteresis in cost pass-through from jet fuel prices to air fare, showing rapid increases in airfare when fuel prices increases but a slower response in the opposite direction.     

A time-dependent freight tour synthesis model

This paper introduces a model of urban freight demand that seeks to estimate tour flows from secondary data sources e.g., traffic counts, to bypass the need for expensive surveys. The model discussed in this paper, referred as Freight Tour Synthesis (FTS), enhances current techniques by incorporating the time-dependent tour-based behavior of freight vehicles, and the decision maker’s (e.g., metropolitan planning agency planner) preferences for different sources of information. The model, based on entropy maximization theory, estimates the most likely set of tour flows, given a set of freight trip generation estimates, a set of traffic counts per time interval, and total freight transportation cost in the network. The type of inputs used allows the assessment of changes in infrastructure, policy and land use. The ability of the model to replicate actual values is assessed using the Denver Region (CO) as a case study.     

Continuous formulations and analytical properties of the link transmission model

The link transmission model (LTM) has great potential for simulating traffic flow in large-scale networks since it is much more efficient and accurate than the Cell Transmission Model (CTM). However, there lack general continuous formulations of LTM, and there has been no systematic study on its analytical properties such as stationary states and stability of network traffic flow. In this study we attempt to fill the gaps. First we apply the Hopf–Lax formula to derive Newell’s simplified kinematic wave model with given boundary cumulative flows and the triangular fundamental diagram. We then apply the Hopf–Lax formula to define link demand and supply functions, as well as link queue and vacancy functions, and present two continuous formulations of LTM, by incorporating boundary demands and supplies as well as invariant macroscopic junction models. With continuous LTM, we define and solve the stationary states in a road network. We also apply LTM to directly derive a Poincaré map to analyze the stability of stationary states in a diverge-merge network. Finally we present an example to show that LTM is not well-defined with non-invariant junction models. We can see that Newell’s model and continuous LTM complement each other and provide an alternative formulation of the network kinematic wave theory. This study paves the way for further extensions, analyses, and applications of LTM in the future.     

桥面融雪除冰能量桩热泵系统换热效率现场试验

基于能量桩的桥面工程主动式融雪除冰技术作为一种新型桥面融雪除冰技术，具有环保、节能等技术优势。依托江阴市征存路观风桥市政桥梁工程，开展能量桩供热桥面板的换热效率与热-力响应特性现场试验。在桩基础和桥面板中分别预埋聚乙烯管作为换热管，通过水泵驱动换热管中的流体循环，提取浅层地温能供热桥面板；沿桩身深度方向和在桥面板中布设了温度-应变传感器，用于监测试验过程中相应位置的温度和应变。试验分析冬季工况下，一根20 m的能量桩供热20 m²的桥面板时，流体、桥面板、桩的温度变化以及桥面板和能量桩的热致应力分布。研究结果表明：根据现场试验条件，环境温度为-4℃时，20 m能量桩供热20 m²桥面板可保证桥面板表面温度始终高于0℃，即平均每延米能量桩热泵系统可保障1 m²桥面板不冻结；温度的改变使得能量桩和桥面板中产生热致应力，桩身最大轴向热致应力出现在桩深10 m （50%桩长）处，约为-1.05 MPa，为混凝土抗拉强度（2.0 MPa）的52.2%，桩身最大轴向热致应力的温度响应约为0.205 MPa·℃^-1；桥面板中最大热致应力为0.77 MPa，为混凝土抗压强度（26.8 MPa）的2.9%，热致应力的温度响应为0.086 MPa·℃^-1；能量桩上部受到最大正摩阻力为21.1 kPa，下部受到最大负摩阻力为13.3 kPa；试验结束时桩顶热致位移为-0.239 mm，约0.03%桩径。     

考虑能源类型的城市出租车运营效率评价研究

以分析西安市燃气型、电动型及甲醇型3种能源类型出租车在运营中的既有期望运营投入和非期望运营投入，既有期望产出和非期望产出为基础，本文构建基于DEA-Malmquist的考虑能源类型的出租车运营效率评价模型。从西安市出租车管理处提取西安市 2020 年 9~12 月期间 14946辆出租车的GPS轨迹数据，并随机选取1000辆甲醇型出租车、1000 辆电动型出租车及 1000辆燃气型出租车作为样本进行实例分析。通过处理3000辆出租车GPS数据，得到乘客在工作日和双休日不同时段的出行需求和特征，分析3种不同能源类型出租车的运营效率差异。所得结论可为西安政府部门对不同能源类型出租车的管理运营提供决策支持。