冻融循环作用下路基边坡稳定性变化研究

为研究冻融循环作用对路基边坡稳定性的影响,建立了路基变形场及应力场的三维数值计算模型,并应用强度折减法求解路基边坡在冻融循环作用后的安全系数,分析了冻融作用范围内路基应力场和变形场的分布规律,得出冻融循环作用次数与路基边坡安全系数的关系。结果表明:冻融循环会改变路基边坡土体的力学性质,从而影响路基边坡的稳定性。路基边坡受到的冻融循环作用是引起路基病害的直接原因,反复的冻融循环作用将引起路基边坡稳定性的降低。     

Timetable-based operation in urban transport: Run-time optimisation and improvements in the operating process

Urban public transit provides an efficient means of mobility and helps support social development and environmental preservation. To avoid loss of ridership, transit authorities have focussed on improving the punctuality of routes that operate using timetables. This paper presents a new approach to generating run-time values that is based on analytical development and micro simulations. The work utilizes previous research (described herein) and the experience acquired by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) in operating bus routes based on timetables. Using a sample of historical data, the method used for generating run-time values consists of the following steps: purging and screening atypical trips, based on the consideration of confidence intervals for median trips; segmenting the day into time bands based on the introduction of a new hierarchical classification algorithm; creating initial run-time values based on criteria derived from statistical analysis; adjusting and validating initial run-time values using micro simulations; and evaluating incident-recovery times at the end of trips in order to guarantee the punctual departure of the next trip in the vehicle schedule. To favour service improvement, we also introduced certain indicators that can identify the root causes of non-compliance. As a final step, in order to ensure the applicability and use of the model, we promoted the development of our model within the framework of the HASTUS™ software solution.     

三色拉姆塞数R_3（C_8）研究

用r种颜色对图G的所有边着色,记着第i色的边构成的子图为Gi,如果存在一种着色方法使得每一个Gi（1≤i≤r）都不包含图H,则称图G对于H可以r着色.拉姆塞数Rr（H）是使得完全图Kn对于H不可以r着色的最小正整数n.令Cm表示长度为m的圈,Dzido等证明了R3（C2k）≥4k.本文对k=4的情形进行研究,利用计算机,通过大量的计算证明了R3（C8）=16.     

城市公交车行驶工况的构建

以城市公交车为研究对象,运用覆盖率、路段频度等方法,选取城市典型的公交运行线路,并进行大量的实验和实际运行数据的采集。利用主成分析和聚类分析构建行驶工况,研究表明,将众多反映道路交通特征的运动学片段特征值用主成分析法压缩成代表原始数据80%以上信息的3个或4个公因子的方法是可行的,接着用聚类分析提炼这些运动学片段。根据统计分析的概率随机选择并重组实际运动学片段,并以典型公交线路为研究对象进行分析,得出一个基于实际公交车速度的行驶工况,构建能反映典型公交线路交通状况的工况。     

温拌沥青混合料马歇尔变温变击实功设计方法

为了建立温拌沥青混合料组成设计方法,在不同温度和击实次数下进行了AC-13C温拌沥青混合料的马歇尔击实试验,分析了温拌沥青混合料体积特性。分析结果表明：随着击实温度的降低和击实次数的减少,温拌沥青混合料的空隙率和矿料间隙率增大,沥青饱和度降低;与热拌沥青混合料相比,温拌沥青混合料中沥青被集料吸收的含量（质量分数）、有效...     

论增强德育的时代性

德育的时代性表现为德育和时代的双向互动作用,但时代决定德育的命运,因此增强德育的时代性首先应准确定位德育的时代,通过对当前社会特征的分析和德育性质的考查,把德育的时代定位于中国特色社会主义是理性且科学的,同时以职业生涯规划为载体,全面推进当代中国马克思主义的学习与运用,为中国特色社会主义建设提供强大的精神动力,以切实增强德育的时代性。     

基于公交智能调度系统的公交换乘算法实现

通过对城市居民公交出行选择影响因素和选择逻辑的分析,利用地理信息系统（GIS）技术构建公交换乘数据模型和公交智能调度系统数据计算出行时间,以此为基础实现以最少换乘次数为第一目标,出行时间最短为第二目标的公交换乘算法。该算法考虑了步行换乘、行驶时间、换乘时间及公交线路上、下行因素对换乘查询的影响,能够较快地提供公交换乘方案。     

不同干湿循环路径下Q2原状黄土强度与微观结构演化试验

为探明不同干湿循环路径对Q₂原状黄土宏观强度和微观结构的影响,考虑地下黄土赋存环境,开展了3种干湿循环路径下的三轴剪切试验、核磁共振测试和扫描电镜试验,分析了Q₂原状黄土强度、微观孔隙分布和土颗粒结构的演化规律与特征,并结合矿物成分变化探讨了相互之间的影响关系。研究结果表明：不同干湿循环路径下,宏观参数-黏聚力与微观参数-孔隙分布、孔隙和土颗粒平均直径均表现出不同程度的劣化效应,参数衰减趋势完全一致,即干湿循环幅度越大,上限含水率越高,衰减越严重,劣化效应越明显。宏观参数-内摩擦角与微观参数-孔隙和土颗粒结构演化特征相似,即内摩擦角小幅波动,孔隙与土颗粒的形态、结构复杂度和排列有序性基本稳定。考虑干湿循环幅度、上限含水率和循环次数3种参数,构建了微观孔隙劣化特征函数,解释了不同干湿循环路径下的孔隙劣化特征,揭示了Q₂原状黄土微观孔隙损伤劣化两阶段发展规律,即波动式损伤积累上升阶段和损伤劣化稳定阶段。相关研究成果可为不同循环路径下的原状黄土宏微观劣化认知提供有益参考。     

氢氟醚电解液在锂金属电池中的应用研究

无负极锂金属电池存在容量损失快和循环寿命短的缺点。本文设计制备一种氢氟醚电解液,探究其在无负极锂金属电池中的应用。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行分析,结果表明该氢氟醚电解液对高面容量银碳基无负极锂金属电池的循环性能有着优良的改善作用。氢氟醚电解液减少了锂枝晶的产生,提高了沉积锂的致密性,在大于3 mAh/cm2的高面容量下,银碳基无负极锂金属电池在0.5C的倍率下50次循环后仍保持96.2%的平均库伦效率,展现了优良的循环性能和良好的倍率性能,1C倍率下容量保持率≥85%。     

In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of eight cement mixer trucks operated on each of petroleum diesel and soy-based B20 biodiesel

In-use micro-scale fuel use and emission rates were measured for eight cement mixer trucks using a portable emission measurement system. Each vehicle was tested on petroleum diesel and B20 biodiesel. Average fuel use and emission rates increase monotonically versus engine manifold absolute pressure. A typical duty cycle includes loading at a cement plant, transit while loaded from the cement plant to work site, creeping in a queue of vehicles at the worksite, unloading, and transit without load from the site to the plant. For B20 versus petroleum diesel, there is no significant change in the rate of fuel use, CO₂ emissions, and NO emissions, and significant decreases in emissions for CO, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. For loaded versus unloaded onroad travel, fuel use and CO₂ emissions rates are approximately 60% higher and the rates for other pollutants are approximately 30–50% higher. A substantial portion of cycle emissions occurred at the work site. Inter-vehicle and intra-cycle variability are also quantified using the micro-scale methodology.