Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

降雨量对OD 行程时间可靠性影响分析

为详细研究降雨量对OD行程时间可靠性的影响，基于Uber 出行共享的3 年美国波士顿10 对OD行程时间数据及WeatherUnderground 网站提供的小时历史天气，构建了OD行程时间高斯混合模型(GMM). 模型参数利用EM法进行求解，K 值根据K-S 检验后的P 值 (大于0.500 0)进行确定，模型分位数利用二分法进行求解. 提出一种基于缓冲指数(BI)的新指标——缓冲指数变化率(BIVR)作为定量评估指标. 结果表明：降雨会降低总体OD行程时间可靠性，降低效果随降雨量提高而增强，但增强效果并不明显；尽管可能性较低，但当降雨处于次要影响因素时可能提高可靠性；小雨天气可视为正常天气；雨天可靠性显著低于正常天气，居民在雨天(除小雨外)出行应预留更多时间.     

电力推进控制系统概述

阐述了综合电力推进系统的控制,主要包括电站智能化控制(即功率管理系统)、推进系统控制和变频调速系统的控制。     

Control method of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter based on voltage vector diagram partition

A new modulation approach was presented for the control of neutral-point (NP) voltage variation in the three-level NP-clamped voltage source inverter, and the average NP current model was established based on vector diagram partition. Thus, theory base was built for balancing control of NP potential. Theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that the proposed method for NP balancing control vector synthesizing concept based can make the average NP current zero, and do not influence NP potential within every sample period. The effectiveness of proposed research approach was verified by simulative and experimental results.     

株洲航电枢纽船闸工程合同变更与索赔管理

介绍了株洲航电枢纽船闸工程施工过程发生的变更与索赔情况,总结了工程合同变更与索赔的控制方法、办理程序、以及管理效果,探讨了低价中标项目合同变更与索赔管理的一些体会。     

工程变更对造价管理的影响研究

以FIDIC条款为基础，根据公平与效率原则阐述了工程变更过程中造价管理的原则和方法，并以示例进行了说明。     

三峡水库蓄水后坝上下游航道条件变化分析

分析三峡水库蓄水后进出库水沙特性;库尾、葛洲坝下游河道、永久船闸引航道、两坝间河道冲淤特点;变动回水区回水末端范围、葛洲坝下游宜昌、沙市枯水水位变化;库区航道条件和葛洲坝下游河段航道尺度变化。     

黄骅港淤泥动力特性的三轴试验研究

针对波浪作用的具体特点,对黄骅港海床表层淤泥进行了动模量、动变形及动强度试验。给出了该淤泥的动模量和阻尼比随固结压力和动剪应变的变化关系。通过分析该淤泥的动强度曲线发现,对于一定的固结压力对应于长振次(>1 000)的破坏动剪应力差别很小,可能存在一个门槛动剪应力,在该应力下即使长振次振动也不会发生破坏。该淤泥在波浪作用下的固结不排水剪切动强度约为静固结不排水强度的50%。     

Cyclic storm loading soil-structure interaction for a three independent leg jack-up

A 2-D analysis of the soil-structure interaction for a jack-up platform is presented. The special features of the analysis are:

• -soil behaviour modelling under cyclic loading uses elasto-plastic equations with a multiple yield surface and kinematical hardening;

• -the study is not executed on a single isolated spud-can, but on a more comprehensive structural model including the soil and a 2-D reduction of a complete jack-up structure;

• -the loading history consists of some one-hundred cycles representing two storm sea states separated by small set-up cycles.

The main result is that the bottom fixity displayed during the first storm is not significantly degraded during the second storm, even though irrecoverable displacements and rotations occur.     

进油温度对生物柴油燃烧压力及循环变动的影响

在1台两缸直喷式柴油机上对比测试了生物柴油的燃烧特性,分析了进油温度对发动机峰值燃烧压力分布以及循环变动率的影响。结果表明,随着进油温度的增加,生物柴油发动机表现出如下燃烧特性:燃烧延迟,高负荷时延迟更明显;峰值燃烧压力降低,其循环分布向低值偏移;峰值燃烧压力分布最高值增加且其循环变化幅度明显降低,循环变动率降低,循环变动减弱;负荷或转速增加均导致循环变化幅度明显降低,循环变动减弱。研究结果证明,进油温度对燃用生物柴油的燃烧压力及其循环变动有重要影响,进油温度增加可以提高燃烧稳定程度,从而改善燃烧过程。