威海船厂港域波高数值计算*

应用能量平衡方程研究近岸随机波的传播变形是一种简单而实用的方法,其在海洋学以及海岸动力学中得到了广泛的应用。采用考虑绕射作用的能量平衡方程作为计算随机波浪传播变形的控制方程,以此建立的数学模型考虑了波浪的浅化、折射、绕射、反射和破碎。利用该模型对威海船厂港内随机波传播变形进行数值模拟,通过数值计算值与试验值的比较,发现在相同的考虑因素下两者是相当吻合的,说明模型在计算近岸随机波的传播变形时是实用而可靠的。     

长江中游太平口水道河床演变趋势与模型预测成果对比分析

分析了荆州长江大桥所在沙市河段太平口水道演变特征,并同模型试验预测的三峡水库蓄水运用后桥区河段演变趋势进行对比分析。实践表明,利用模型试验手段对该河段河床演变趋势预测是成功的,为其航道整治方案的制定和工程实施顺序提供了科学依据。     

均匀设计法在铅酸蓄电池正板栅合金研究中的应用

介绍了均匀设计软件在铅酸蓄电池正极板栅合金研究课题中的应用。考察了不同配方合金的耐腐蚀性能和析氢电位,将用均匀设计软件拟合得到的两个数学模型进行综合分析,根据回归方程找出了影响合金性能的主要因素及个因素之间的关系,并得到最优全局解,结合工艺条件将配方进行了微调,该配方合金较好地满足了电池的使用要求。     

复杂地形对微波超视距雷达传播的影响

采用分步傅里叶算法求解抛物方程,重点分析阻抗边界条件的数值处理方法,构成分段线性地形,通过改变电磁和环境参数进行仿真计算,研究天线参数与地形环境对电波传播特性的影响。     

船舶结构的搁浅数值仿真研究

文章用数值仿真法研究了船舶结构搁浅中的内部力学问题,分析了典型双层底结构的损伤变形、受力和能量耗散结果。研究表明,损伤变形集中于搁浅的区域,搁浅力学问题主要考虑局部的船体结构;肋板的存在显著地增加船底结构的抗搁浅能力,使礁石的垂向贯入量会略有减小;当纵桁远离搁浅区域时,它的吸能能力无法发挥,抗搁浅作用明显削弱。     

黄土地区抗滑桩嵌固段桩前被动土拱形成演化过程试验

抗滑桩是大型交通基础设施中稳定边坡和治理滑坡的主要手段之一，嵌固段桩前被动土拱效应是影响抗滑桩水平承载力的重要因素，被动土拱的形成演化过程是抗滑桩水平抗力调整的关键。通过几何缩尺比例为1∶15的抗滑桩物理模型试验，对桩前被动土拱的形成演化过程进行了探究。根据抗滑桩桩前被动土拱和模型试验系统的对称性，自主设计土压力传感器的布设方案，以保证在试验过程中对桩前土体各测点的x和y方向土压力分布规律进行实时采集；采用千斤顶对模型桩施加水平荷载，对加载过程中抗滑桩嵌固段桩身弯矩、桩前土压力及桩前土体应力变化规律进行了分析。绘制桩前土体应力云图并对桩前被动土拱拱轴线进行了拟合，同时采用数值模拟方法进行对照分析，以揭示桩前被动土拱的演化过程。结果表明：①桩身弯矩和桩前接触土压力均在嵌固点下4倍桩宽处附近出现极大值，后随埋深逐渐减小；②桩前被动土拱是由相邻桩对桩前土体的相互作用使主应力发生偏转而逐步形成的，其演化过程可分为初步形成阶段、承载阶段和破坏阶段；③桩前被动土拱拱轴线呈抛物线形式，随埋深逐渐增大形成被动土拱所需桩顶位移随之增大；④同一埋深处桩前被动土拱矢跨比随桩顶位移增加而逐渐变大，在承载阶段土拱矢跨比随埋深逐步减小。     

The relationship between land use and automobile travel utility: A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach

The relationship between land use and the utility of automobile travel is examined by refining the utility concept, particularly by combining the microeconomic utility theory, which is concerned with the disutility of travel, and the perspective on the positive utility. A conceptual model is accordingly developed and then adjusted considering different purposes of travel. The purpose-specific models are tested through a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach in Seoul, Korea, using datasets from a sample survey and geographic information systems. The major finding is that land use affects the utility mainly by changing synergy and affective utility rather than instrumental utility, which encompasses disutility variables. Among land use variables, the utility is found to be the most sensitive to the number of transit facilities for commuting and shopping travel and land use balance for leisure travel.     

Fatigue damage estimation in non-linear systems using a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and the First Order Reliability Method

For non-linear systems the estimation of fatigue damage under stochastic loadings can be rather time-consuming. Usually Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is applied, but the coefficient-of-variation (COV) can be large if only a small set of simulations can be done due to otherwise excessive CPU time. The reason is that the fatigue damage estimation is very sensitive to the largest values from the simulations. The paper suggests the additional use of the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) to get a better estimation of the tail in the distribution of the estimated fatigue damage and thereby reducing the COV. For a specific example dealing with stresses in a tendon in a tension leg platform the COV is thereby reduced by a factor of three.     

Analysis of structural crashworthiness of double-hull ships in collision and grounding

A conceptual design framework for collision and grounding analysis is proposed to evaluate the crashworthiness of double-hull structures. This work attempts to simplify the input parameters needed for the analysis, which can be considered as a step towards a design-oriented procedure against collision and grounding. Four typical collision and grounding scenarios are considered: (1) side structure struck by a bulbous bow, (2) side structure struck by a straight bow, (3) bottom raking, (4) bottom stranding. The analyses of these scenarios are based on statistical data of striking ship dimensions, velocities, collision angles and locations, as well as seabed shapes and sizes, grounding depth and location. The evaluation of the damage extent considers the 50- and 90-percentile values from the statistics of collision and grounding accidents. The external dynamics and internal mechanics are combined to analyse systematically the ship structural damage and energy absorption under accidental loadings.     

移动式损管训练舱堵漏水循环系统设计

文章通过3ds Max和AutoCAD软件设计出移动式损管训练舱堵漏水循环系统,在系统中完善了堵漏训练所需的配套设施,解决堵漏水的循环利用,使损管堵漏训练能满足海警官兵日常训练要求.