Investigating the effects of psychological factors on commuting mode choice behaviour

This paper utilizes socio-psychometric survey data to investigate the influence of attitudes, affective appraisal and habit formation on commuting mode choice. The data-set was collected in 2009–2010 in Edmonton, Alberta. In addition to conventional socio-economic, demographic and modal attributes, the survey gathered psychological information regarding habitual behaviour, affective appraisal and personal attitudes. Different psychometric tools were used to capture psychological factors affecting mode choice. Habitual behaviour was measured using Verplanken's response-frequency questionnaire. Affective appraisal was indirectly estimated using the Osgood's semantic differential. Five-point Likert scales were used to measure attitude. The structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was used to investigate the effects of psychological factors on mode choice behaviour. SEM captures the latent nature of psychological factors and uses path diagrams to identify the directionality as well as intensity of the relationships. The investigation reveals that passengers have positive emotions towards their chosen mode. Further, evidence of the superiority of the car as a travel alternative was established in terms of strong habit towards it, such that passengers would use the car for almost every single trip.     

基于有限元强度计算的MAN汽缸套损坏问题的分析与研究

根据MAN汽缸套损坏情况,提出了采用有限元方法对汽缸套热负荷和机械负荷进行强度计算分析,并研究探讨了几项改进措施。     

城市中心体系与轨道交通耦合演化规律

随着中国大城市轨道交通规划建设速度的加快,亟须探索城市中心体系与轨道交通耦合演化规律。在分析城市中心体系和轨道交通耦合空间基础、系统互动演化过程及演化政策影响的基础上,对单系统演化和耦合演化模型进行推演,建立城市中心体系耦合演化模型,揭示城市中心体系与轨道交通耦合演化规律。最后,提出基于土地与交通协调的双系统耦合规划技术路线,以及不同发展阶段的城市中心体系和轨道交通耦合规划策略。     

基于HYSYS的B型LNG燃料舱BOG压缩供给系统

以一艘B型液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)燃料舱舱容为30000 m3的发电船为目标船,对其3种蒸发气(Boiled Off Gas,BOG)压缩供给系统进行模拟计算分析。采用HYSYS软件建立BOG压缩供给系统模型,通过实际气体状态方程计算BOG物性值,分别对该系统进行BOG温度、压力和流量单变量变化等方面的热力性能分析。结果表明当压缩机进口处选用高压力和低温度BOG时,能有效降低其功耗;常温BOG单级压缩机出口温度高于150℃,压缩机的选型受到限制;当常温BOG两级压缩机进口温度不超过2℃时,其出口温度不超过150℃;控制第二级压缩机进口温度可免设BOG冷却器,节约成本。     

Which factors lead to driving errors? A structural equation model analysis through a driving simulator experiment

As driving error is a main contributory factor of road accidents, its causes and consequences are of great interest in the road safety decision making process. This paper investigates several factors (including driver distraction, driver characteristics and road environment) that affect overall driving error behaviour and estimates a new unobserved variable which underlines driving errors. This estimation is performed with data obtained from a driving simulation experiment in which 95 participants covering all ages were asked to drive under different types of distraction (no distraction, conversation with passenger, cell phone use) in rural and urban road environment, as well as in both low and high traffic conditions. Driving error was then modeled as a latent variable based on several individual driving simulator parameters. Subsequently, the impact of several risk factors such as distraction, driver characteristics as well as road environment on driving error were estimated directly. The results of this complex model reveal that the impact of driver characteristics and area type are the only statistically significant factors affecting the probability of driving errors. Interestingly, neither conversing with a passenger nor talking on the cell phone have a statistically significant impact on driving error behaviour which highlights the importance of the present analysis and more specifically the development of a measure that represents overall driving error behaviour instead of individual driving errors variables.     

一种新型易更换桥梁支座系统

目前桥梁支座更换时需对桥梁梁体顶升起一定高度,而此时梁体发生了强制位移,会造成结构损伤。且需大型同步顶升设备,顶升技术要求较高,造成桥梁支座更换费用居高不下。为解决以上问题,为桥梁工程提供了一种新型桥梁支座系统,介绍了该系统的更换流程。该新型支座系统总高度可以调整,从而可减小支座更换对桥梁结构的损伤,同时显著降低支座更换技术难度和工程费用。     

考虑出行环境的居住满意度结构方程模型

为解决居住满意度缺少定量涵盖出行环境的问题,从出行环境、地理区位、社区环境、住房条件4 个维度提取居住满意度的影响因素,构建涵盖5 个潜变量、21 个测量变量的居住满意度结构方程模型,描述出行环境对居住满意度的影响及相互作用关系. 结果表明：出行环境、地理区位、社区环境、住房条件对居住满意度均有显著的正向影响,地理区位对出行环境也存在显著的正向影响;各维度总的影响效应呈现出地理区位(0.913),出行环境(0.877),社区环境(0.748),住房条件(0.532)依次递减的趋势,但出行环境对居住满意度的直接影响最大,其值为0.887.     

面向公路主动式防冰处置的行业信息物理系统

针对面向智能交通的行业信息物理系统（CPS）,以公路冰雪灾害防治作为应用目标,基于信息物理融合理论设计了公路主动式防冰处置的CPS模型,形成由一系列跨越信息世界、物理世界的节点相互耦合而成的巨型分布式反馈控制系统。围绕该CPS模型,提出了基于热力学规律的 路面温度短时预测算法,并基于风险理论设计了主动式防冰控制策略。对实测数据的实验分析和实际路段的系统应用表明,由于在预测算法中考虑了空气温度与路面温度的耦合变化关系,该 CPS 具有较高的预测精度,30min 的平均路面温度预测误差约为±0.2℃;该CPS 的融冰处置能够覆盖高速公路约3/4 的有效行车区域,可以预先避免凝冰和积雪的形成或是主动降低其危害性。     

船用隐极无刷发电机混合通风和温度场仿真计算研究

该文针对船用隐极发电机混合通风风路的结构。建立多元二次非线性回路压降方程组,引入函数风阻使之降幂成为多元一次非线性方程组,以解算出各等效风路的空气流量;引入气体热流,构造非线性节点热流方程组,以解算出求解域中各节点的温度。     

一线模型在黄河口岸线预报中的应用

建立了一种能够模拟黄河口海洋与河流混合动力作用模式下黄河口岸线淤积、延伸、侵蚀规律的一线数学模型。采用了反映岸线侵蚀重要因素的波浪破碎模型,并引入黄河径流挟带泥沙沿岸输沙率分布计算,不但提高了波浪计算的精度,也真实反映了黄河口门附近岸线演变现象的物理机制。研究结果表明,黄河口径流挟带的大量泥沙受到水流动力轴线影响,泥沙沿岸线的淤积是黄河口门附近岸线演变的重要因素之一。验证试验表明,模型计算结果与实测值吻合很好,可以用于黄河口岸线演变的预报计算。