基于GTM法设计沥青混合料的旋转剪切过程中相互作用的力学损伤机理研究

运用离散元理论模拟了基于GTM法设计沥青混合料的旋转剪切过程中相互作用的力学损伤作用机理,得出了GTM沥青混合料在试模内旋转剪切过程中颗粒变形、旋转规律,孔隙率发展程度、剪切带形成、剪切破坏直至压缩的全过程,以及GTM沥青混合料颗粒沿剪切面的定向排列和运动变化规律。从细观角度揭示了混合料在旋转剪切过程中颗粒的力学作用机理,将为今后工程现场检测提供技术基础。     

寒区近海混凝土桥梁性能衰退机理与损伤行为评估方法

受到周期性潮汐变化的影响,中国寒区近海混凝土桥梁长期遭受海水冻融及多种耦合腐蚀作用,这严重影响了桥梁的服役性能与使用寿命。为了准确预测桥梁的性能衰退规律,针对桥梁所处环境,分析了桥梁结构的性能退化机理,并借助近场动力学方法在多尺度方面的优势,利用MATLAB-ABAQUS联合仿真方法建立了桥梁劣化损伤预测与评估方法。在此基础上,从混凝土海水冻融损伤出发,考虑温度分布特性、临界饱和度模型、孔隙结晶规律与孔隙压力理论,结合不同孔隙的结晶温度与孔隙累积,通过孔隙变形加载方式建立混凝土微观尺度的冻融循环数值模拟计算方法。随后,根据混凝土微观尺度冻融损伤的计算结果,建立考虑冻融损伤分布的RC桥墩等效数值模拟计算方法。最终,设计制作了RC桥墩节段,进行了海水环境下RC桥墩的冻融循环试验,并利用超声层析成像技术,得到RC桥墩的海水冻融损伤分布。试验与计算结果表明：通过与超声层析成像试验结果的对比,混凝土微观尺度计算模型可以很好地模拟冻融循环过程中孔隙累积与孔隙转化引起的混凝土冻融损伤行为;受到温度分布与相对饱和度的影响,当冻融大于50次后,试件出现明显的冻融损伤界限（冻融深度）,且随着冻融次数的增加,冻融深度的增速呈现先增大后减小的趋势。除此之外,等效计算模型的滞回曲线计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,随着冻融次数的增加,RC桥墩的峰值荷载逐渐减低,海水冻融对RC桥墩力学性能的影响极为严重,且建立的计算方法很好地预测了海水冻融作用下RC桥墩的力学性能退化。     

桥梁健康监测技术的适用性

为了掌握桥梁在各种工作环境下的结构行为和状态,并利用监测信息及早发现桥梁的异常或损伤,在总结了多座斜拉桥病害特点的基础上,以1座典型斜拉桥的有限元模型模拟了多种可能的损伤情形,并通过计算得到各种损伤情况下的结构动、静力反应及其变化。通过对损伤引起的结构变化和现代监测技术的工作性能及环境对结构行为影响的比较,调查典型桥梁健康监测方法的适用性。结果表明:以目前的监测手段获得的数据难以用来实现桥梁的损伤预警。     

新疆地区含砂低液限粉土路基回弹模量试验研究

通过新疆地区低液限粉土路基的室内杠杆承载板法试验,分析了影响土基回弹模量E0的主要因素:压实度K、含水率ρ、细粒土粉粘粒组成等,并总结回弹模量随这些因素的变化规律及相关关系。先考虑单一因素对于不同土质的土,当含水量为最佳含水量时其压实度与回弹模量之间具有良好的线性关系;当压实度一定时其回弹模量与含水率之间用乘幂函数回归也具有良好的线性关系。结合考虑压实度和含水率来回归分析回弹模量与它们之间的关系,结果与单一考虑时是一致的,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

大型油罐火灾爆炸危害性研究

论述了大型油罐火灾爆炸危害性故障树分析法以及火灾爆炸指数法等评价方法及其研究进展,经过系统危险性等级划分、评价指标特征值量化处理和危险性评价指标体系权重的分析,提出了建立大型油罐危险性评价指标体系的具体步骤,并指出了大型油罐火灾爆炸研究的重点和难点,对进一步完善现有危险性评价指标体系具有重要的指导意义.     

Evolution of public transit modes in a commuter corridor

This paper explores how the selection of public transit modes can be optimized over a planning horizon. This conceptual analysis sacrifices geographic detail in order to better highlight the relations among important factors. First, a set of static models is proposed to identify which type of service, e.g., bus only, rail only, or bus and rail, is the most cost-effective in terms of the average trip cost for given demand. After analyzing essential factors in a long-term planning process, e.g., economies of scale in rail extension and future cost discounting, a dynamic model incorporating such considerations is formulated to optimize the decision over a planning horizon. While analytical solutions can be obtained for some decision variables, the final model is solved with a graphical method by exploring the tradeoffs between the initial and recurring costs. Major findings from this study include: (a) there exists a minimum economic length for a rail line, which can be determined numerically; (b) economies of scale favor large extensions and excess supplied capacity; (c) the rail-only service is largely dominated by the feeder-trunk service, even in the long run.     

Understanding user acceptance factors of electric vehicle smart charging

Smart charging has been the focus of considerable research efforts but so far there is little notion of users’ acceptance of the concept. This work considers potentially influential factors for the acceptance of smart charging from the literature and tests their viability employing a structural equation model, following the partial least squares approach. For a sample of 237 early electric vehicle adopters from Germany our results show that contributing to grid stability and the integration of renewable energy sources are key motivational factors for acceptance of smart charging. In addition, the individual need for flexibility should not be impaired through charging control. Further well known influential factors like economic incentives do not seem to have a significant impact in the sample group under scrutiny. These and further findings should be taken into account by aggregators when designing attractive business models that incentivize the participation of early adopters and ease market rollout.     

Short-term traffic flow prediction using time-varying Vasicek model

This paper provides a two-step approach based on the stochastic differential equations (SDEs) to improve short-term prediction. In the first step of this framework, a Hull-White (HW) model is applied to obtain a baseline prediction model from previous days. Then, the extended Vasicek model (EV) is employed for modeling the difference between observations and baseline predictions (residuals) during an individual day. The parameters of this time-varying model are estimated at each sample using the residuals in a short duration of time before the time point of prediction; so it provides a real time prediction. The extracted model recovers the valuable local variation information during each day. The performance of our method in comparison with other methods improves significantly in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) for real data from Tehran’s highways and the open-access PeMS database. We also demonstrate that the proposed model is appropriate for imputing the missing data in traffic dataset and it is more efficient than the probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) and k-Nearest neighbors (k-NN) methods.     

舰船板架在接触爆炸冲击载荷作用下的破坏

对舰船板架在接触爆炸载荷作用下的变形问题进行了研究.基于变分原理得到四边固支的板架残余变形的近似计算公式,根据破坏准则给出了估算破口半径的近似方法,并与经验公式进行了比较,结果基本上是合理的,可应用于舰船结构在爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤或防护方面的工程预测,从而为舰船的安全防护设计提供理论依据.     

泛函方程中Φ(ω(x))=ω'(x)Φ(x)的可微解问题

本文研究泛函方程Φ(ω(x))=ω'(x)Φ(x),证明了 C~(r)(r≥1)可微解的存在性定理,同时给出解的构造。