曹娥江大闸闸前大桥的施工测量

介绍曹娥江大闸闸前大桥采用GPS全球定位技术与全站仪相结合的施工测量方法。     

基于信赖域算法的连续梁桥动力损伤识别

鉴于信赖域算法在求解非线性二次规划问题中具有良好的全局收敛特性,同时结合有限元模型修正技术,引入有效弹性模量损伤因子和损伤分布函数的概念,在Matlab编程环境下调用ANSYS有限元程序中的APDL语言进行桥梁空间结构的有限元建模,利用信赖域算法调整局部单元(组)的参数,通过连续损伤分布插值多项式拟合连续区段各单元(组)的损伤分布曲线,进而实现了对连续梁桥的动力损伤识别。数值算例表明该方法能准确、有效地判断桥梁结构的损伤发生、损伤区域以及损伤程度,同时该损伤识别过程可以结合二次精细划分单元(组)的方法来提高识别的精度和准确性。     

混凝土弯曲的变形和损伤研究

验证了混凝土梁在弯曲变形过程中平截面假定的成立以及因损伤原因而产生的中性轴移动。并在此基础上,运用损伤力学方法,得到了混凝土弯曲损伤演化方程、等效惯性矩以及考虑损伤影响的内力计算。     

疲劳裂纹扩展模型中表征裂纹闭合水平参数的确定

借助7075-T 6铝合金、6013铝合金以及0.45w t%碳钢的疲劳试验数据,结合上述材料的力学性能参数,通过非线性最小平方拟合方法,研究了表征裂纹闭合水平参数k对疲劳裂纹扩展率的影响。研究结果表明,对于宏观裂纹范围内的疲劳裂纹扩展,参数k只要大于某个值就对疲劳裂纹扩展率无影响;而对于小裂纹阶段的疲劳裂纹扩展,参数k对疲劳裂纹扩展率的影响较明显,因此参数k的大小主要取决于小裂纹扩展数据。依据0.45w t%碳钢疲劳试验数据,相应参数k的建议值为6 000m-1。     

Recent sedimentary study of the shelf of the Basque country

The Northern Iberian margin of the Spanish Basque country (provinces of Gipuzkoa and Viscaia) is characterized by a narrow continental platform, which receives inputs of riverine particulate matter from the numerous riverine systems located within the Basque country. This particulate matter is subsequently deposited within the Bay of Biscay, and Gouf de Capbreton [Frouin, R., Fiuza, A.F.G., Ambar, I., Boyd, T.J., 1990. Observations of a poleward surface current off the coasts of Portugal and Spain during winter. Journal of Geophysical Research 95 (C1), 679–691]. The main goal of this study is to establish a map of the surface sediment distribution of the Basque continental shelf and more specifically to map the muddy patch located at the eastern side of that continental shelf.Three oceanographic cruises were conducted in 2003 and 2004. From these campaigns 340 surface samples, 12 short cores and 3 gravity cores have been collected over the mid and outer shelf from depths ranging between 50 m and 150 m deep. 3 seismic profiles were obtained across the shelf mud patch using a Sparker device.Sediment grain-size analyses were performed by the classical physical method of sieving and use of settling columns. The POC (Particular Organic Carbon) amounts in sediment and water samples were determined using the Strickland and Parsons' method [Strickland, J.D.H., Parsons, T.R., 1972. Determination of particulate carbon. In : A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries ResearchBoard of Canada, Ottawa, pp. 207−211] as adapted by Etcheber [Etcheber, H., 1981. Comparaison des diverses méthodes d'évaluation des teneurs en matières en suspension et en carbone organique particulaire des eaux marines du plateau continental aquitain. Journal de Recherche Océanographique VI (2), 37−42]. Radioisotopic measurements (²¹⁰Pb_exc) were made using a semi-planar germanium detector coupled to a multichannel analyser. Radiographical analysis was performed with an X-ray equipment (SCOPIX®) coupled with a radioscopy instrumentation and processing unit.Firstly, a detailed sedimentological map of this shelf has been produced and secondly, geophysical surveys have precisely mapped the geometry of the main mud patch on the continental shelf. In the mud patch itself the rates of sedimentation are between 0.13 and 0.50 cm yr^− 1. The maximum rate of sedimentation is located in the central mud patch, whereas the minimum rate of deposition occurs close to the rocky outcrops. These results seem to be in agreement with the estimation of the total thickness of the mud patch revealed by seismic profiles. The central part corresponds to the maximum thickness of 7 m.Interpretations of the associated oceanic current forcing factors (current direction, wave fetch and wind directional modes) relating to the identified sediment depositional zones are also undertaken.     

单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析

给出一种计算船体结构基本构件——梁、板耐撞性的简化分析方法,并将该方法应用于单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析。讨论了球鼻首撞击作用下单壳船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程,提出了计及渐进破坏过程的碰撞损伤简化计算方法。实例计算结果表明:该简化分析方法能对单壳船舷侧结构的耐撞性作出合理的预报,可应用于船舶设计阶段船体结构耐撞性能的评估。     

水下地形测量技术发展述评

回顾传统水下地形测量技术,重点介绍GPS技术、水声定位技术、多波束测量技术等的进展情况.     

5800DWT杂货船总体和结构设计的特点

本文介绍了5800DWT杂货船总体和结构设计的特点，可供同类型船设计、研究参考。     

海船结构的总纵强度可靠性分析

本文在研究船舶结构总纵度强度的外载荷和结构能力的概率模型的基础上,应用结构可靠性原理中的全概率法和改进的一阶二次矩法编制了计算程序。通过对5艘实船的计算,分析了这些船舶的实际安全水平,特别,根据ZC规范要求的最小强度的最大载荷作了可靠性分析,得出了这5艘船的最低安全水平。在改进的一阶二次矩法计算的基础上,给出一种与传统的确定性设计方法形式相似但比其更为精确的安全设计条件及其相应的强度减小因子和载荷放大因子计算方法,供结构直接设计强度校核所用。     

舰船进水过程中沉没判据研究

目前,国内外对于破损舰船沉没判据的研究,主要以舰船破损进水后的最终状态为判断依据,没有考虑进水过程中可能出现的危险状态,有一定的局限性。本文在分析美海军沉没判据不足的基础上,给出新的沉没判据表达式,用以判断舰船在进水过程中是否发生沉没,并通过某船计算验证该沉没判据的准确性。