抗蛇行减振器对机车运行平稳性的影响

为了减小提速机车在提速区段异常振动,提高机车运行平稳性,以抗蛇行减振器为研究对象,运用机车车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,以机车运行平稳性指标为依据,从机车抗蛇行减振器的工作状态、卸荷速度、结构阻尼参数等入手,研究了抗蛇行减振器与机车运行平稳性的关系。仿真计算与分析结果表明:抗蛇行减振器的工作状态对机车运行平稳性有较大的影响,必须严格确保所有减振器的工作状态均正常;取适当的卸荷速度可以达到提高乘车舒适性的目的;抗蛇行减振器的结构阻尼参数越大,对提高机车的平稳性越有利。     

MTMD to increase fatigue life for OWT jacket structures using Powell's method

The Powell's method was developed to determine the optimal stiffness and damping of multi-tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures under fatigue loads. Numerical examples indicated that the Powell's method results are always better than those using MTMD formulations. With the exception of the blade passing (3P) frequency, it was found in this work that a positive integer (n) multiple of the 3P frequency will also result in a large wind-induced vibration, which can be excited by the frequency of the first structural vertical rotation mode and will cause significant fatigue damage. The first translation mode TMD installed at the tower top is efficient to increase fatigue life at the tower and brace connections, but it cannot reduce fatigue damage at the column and brace connections below the platform. The second translation mode TMD can reduce fatigue damage resulting from large wave loads and thus increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. The mode-3 TMD with a reduction in the 3(3P) vertical rotation can effectively increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. Thus, the appropriate use of these TMDs can be effective for the fatigue problem of OWT support structures.     

间接通达指路标志研究

论述了部分国家和地区指路标志间接指引的规定,及我国指路标志间接指引存在的问题。从美国、日本、英国、瑞典、韩国和我国台湾省在间接指引标志设置的规定和实例来看,间接指引多采用符号化方式对道路编号进行指示,也可用图形化方式表示。我国一般在匝道出口或交叉口标志上列出路线编号或路名来表示间接指引,很难区分直接指引和间接指引,易引起误解。在国内外比较研究的基础上,提出我国间接指引标志设计原则:间接指引以指示路线为主;标志内容应简单易懂;重要道路间接指引应多次指示。提出了5套间接指引标志设计方案,并给出了间接指引标志的设置位置和使用范围,供科研、设计、标准制订者参考。     

基于ILMI算法的车辆半主动悬架静态输出反馈控制

针对采用磁流变阻尼器的1/4汽车半主动悬架模型进行振动控制分析。利用迭代线性矩阵不等式(ILMI)算法在输出反馈控制中的求解优势,提出基于ILMI算法的半主动悬架静态输出反馈控制方法。仿真结果表明,结合合适的控制算法,采用磁流变阻尼器的半主动悬架系统有效地改善了汽车驾驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性。     

摩托车磁流变阻尼器的设计研究

磁流变液是一种新型智能材料,属于可控流体,具有在外加磁场作用下快速可逆地改变流变性能的特点.选择剪切阀式作为阻尼器的工作模式,对磁流变阻尼器的磁路进行设计,优化了磁流变阻尼器的结构参数,并根据理论分析选择阻尼器的结构尺寸,设计制作了单出杆磁流变阻尼器.     

宜宾长江大桥斜拉桥的抗风性能分析

对宜宾长江大桥施工状态和成桥状态的动力特性进行了计算,分析了主梁的三分力系数取值,验算了桥梁的颤振稳定性和静力稳定性,结果表明,无论在施工阶段的最大双悬臂状态或最大单悬臂状态,还是在成桥状态,抗风稳定性均十分安全,不会发生静力扭转发散失稳。建议对斜拉索采取减振措施,可在设置内置橡胶圈阻尼器的基础上,再增设磁流变液阻尼器。     

Direction dependent prices in public transport: A good idea? The back haul pricing problem for a monopolistic public transport firm

Markets for transport are often characterised by unequal demand in both directions: every morning during peak hours the trains are crowded while moving towards the direction of large cities, whereas they may be almost empty in the other direction. In this paper we discuss the implications of these imbalances for price setting of transport firms. From the viewpoint of economic theory, two regimes can be distinguished: one where – owing to price discrimination – the flows are equal, and one where unequal flows are the result. Special attention is paid to the case where the transport firm does not apply price discrimination, as is the case with most railway firms in Europe. We find that in the case of substantial joint costs, the introduction of price discrimination not only leads to an increase of profits, but also to positive effects on consumer surplus. This result differs from the standard result in the literature on industrial economics. The standard result purports that with linear demand functions price discrimination has a negative impact on the welfare of the average consumer and that this negative impact dominates the positive effect on profits of the producer.     

双质量飞轮式扭振减振器

现代汽车广泛采用的是离合器从动盘式扭振减器，而双质量飞轮式扭振器则是近年来发展起来的一种更为有效的新型扭振减振器。本比较了了双质量飞轮式扭振减器和离合器从动盘式扭振减器的结构、性能及优缺点。     

新型分布式振动阻尼器的理论和实验研究

研究了分布式振动阻尼器，在理论分析的基础上，对其宽带阻尼放大作用进行了理论计算和多 方案的实验验证，理论计算和模型试验的结果进一步说明了分布式振动阻尼器相对于传统的集中式阻 尼器而言，能大大增加振动能量的耗散，具有进一步减振的优点。     

戈壁荒漠区铁路工程野生动物通道设置研究

针对荒漠戈壁区铁路工程在设计和环境影响评价阶段,因缺乏区域内动物详细分布和活动状况的长期观测和研究成果而难以准确设置野生动物通道的问题,以新建红柳河至淖毛湖铁路为例,通过利用遥感、资料收集、走访、实地调查等方法,调查当地野生动物的类型、生活习性、活动规律和沿线植被及水源分布情况,通过类比青藏铁路等动物通道的利用效果,初步确定动物通道的位置、型式和规格,为我国西北荒漠戈壁区铁路工程野生动物通道的设置提供一种思路和方法。