高精度GPS数据处理方法在公路测量中的应用

针对目前高等级公路测量对点位精度要求的提高,提出了对不同载波的GPS相位观测量进行线性组合后,再利用GAMIT软件数据进行处理的方法,试验结果表明,此方法可以在公路控制测量中获得较高GPS定位精度,即在几公里的距离范围,基线精度可达到2 cm,满足公路控制测量的要求.     

根据观测数据求拟桥拱轴线

针对某三孔拱桥缺乏设计及施工资料的情况,提出了根据拱桥的观测结果拟合拱桥轴线的一种简便有效的方法.     

我国二代卫星导航系统定位技术研究

导航电文是卫星系统的一项关键技术,导航电文内容中卫星的星历反映卫星的在轨状态,主要讨论了第二代卫星定位导航系统的导航电文的内容设计和最小二乘估计方法在接收机定位中的应用。     

信号交叉口车路环境对电动自行车释放膨胀特性的影响分析

电动自行车数量的急剧增长导致其在绿灯释放阶段膨胀特性明显,进而加重了交叉口的机非冲突、降低了车流的通行效率。利用视频轨迹提取技术,通过光流法的表现形式描述直行电动自行车在绿灯期间的膨胀特征,并根据其密度变化、膨胀差异和电动自行车对机动车的影响程度,确定出释放初期为主要研究时段;同时,提出了一种反映电动自行车膨胀变化的新型指标膨胀度,分别通过线性相关分析、秩相关性分析和偏相关分析,确定了车路环境中影响膨胀度的动态因素和静态因素;最后基于6个信号交叉口的实测数据,建立各因素与膨胀度的数学关系模型,并结合实际交通条件,给出不同车路环境下电动自行车的管控措施与渠化方法。研究结果表明：车路环境中的电动自行车流量、机动车流量、电动自行车过街距离、非机动车进/出口道宽度、机非分隔带设置情况这5种因素对膨胀度的影响能力各异,右转机动车流量与膨胀度相关性最高。此外,动态因素与膨胀度之间具有确定的函数关系,存在电动自行车与机动车流量均衡效益最大的优势区域;静态因素的差异会导致电动自行车膨胀形式的变化;膨胀度可与动态、静态因素构建复合函数模型。研究成果可为混合交通流的渠化设计和信号配时提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Artificial forces for virtual autonomous ships with encountering situations in restricted waters

ABSTRACT

Even if the same two ships operate in the same encountering situation, the actual strategies and timing of operations may be different. Therefore, the fixed collision avoidance trajectory and ship movements are no longer suitable for simulating the real ship behaviour. This paper tries to develop an artificial intelligent system that fully sensitive to the local circumstances and command a ship in virtual environment. Based on AIS (Automatic Identification System) data, this study has developed artificial forces which help decision makings on-board independently under different situations and catching the stochastic nature of ship behaviours during collision avoidances manoeuvring. Actual ship tracks are helpful for ascertaining the parameters that contribute to artificial forces in collision avoidances, while the correlation coefficient analysis is helpful to distinguish the parameters. This study will help to develop a navigation traffic simulation to reflect the realistic ship behaviour and provide reliable information for port and waterway planning, risk analysis, and mitigation measures. The method can be used in developing algorithms for autonomous ships. The method introduced in this study lays a foundation for developing artificial forces at intersections or bends, although the model is only applicable in straight channels at the moment.     

面向国产大型邮轮的虚拟设计评审方案研究

本文分析了国内大型邮轮三维设计模型的虚拟评审需求,基于Intergraph Smart 3D和SmartPlant Review软件,提出了国产大型邮轮虚拟设计评审的总体解决方案。该方案采用三维模型轻量化、模型虚拟评审以及大型邮轮设计-评审数据转换等关键技术,实现了面向大型邮轮设计的沉浸式三维模型全流程虚拟评审,并通过在国产大型邮轮设计模型上的应用测试,验证了该方案的可行性,可为提高大型邮轮设计生产效率、缩短建造周期以及降低生产成本等提供重要的技术支撑。     

柴油机车辆冒黑烟故障的原因分析

通过控制环境温度和中冷后进气温度,对某柴油发动机进行单变量因素台架试验,并对其结果影响进行分析;同时结合整车匹配设计与ECU数据标定,分析车辆运行过程中冒黑烟的原因及提出相应解决措施。     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

水平定向钻数据采集及远程监控系统研究

文中针对油气长输管道水平定向钻施工,研发了数据采集及远程监控系统。通过数据采集装置将钻机施工中的关键数据进行实时采集、处理和远程无线传输,由手机APP进行远程监控,实现了工程项目的远程管理,预测后续施工中可能出现的问题,降低施工风险,提高施工效率。     

Time taken for residents to adopt a new public transport service: examining heterogeneity through duration modelling

When a new public transport service is introduced it would be valuable for public authorities, financing organisations and transport operators to know how long it will take for people to start to use the service and what factors influence this. This paper presents results from research analysing the time taken for residents living close to a new guided bus service to start to use (or adopt) the service. Data was obtained from a sample of residents on whether they used the new service and the number of weeks after the service was introduced before they first used it. Duration modelling has been used to analyse how the likelihood of starting to use the new service changes over time (after the introduction of the service) and to examine what factors influence this. It is found that residents who have not used the new service are increasingly unlikely to use it as time passes. Those residents gaining greater accessibility benefits from the new service are found to be quicker to use the service, although the size of this effect is modest compared to that of other between-resident differences. Allowance for the possibility that there existed a proportion of the sample that would never use the new service was tested using a split population model (SPD) model. The SPD model indicates that 36% of residents will never use the new service and is informative in differentiating factors that influence whether Route 20 is used and when it is used.