基于轨迹的内河船舶行为模式挖掘

从内河海量的船舶AIS数据中提取出有用的交通知识,辅助水上安全监管,对于研究日益复杂的水上交通安全形势具有重要意义.基于内河船舶行为特征,构造由船舶位置、航速和航向4个维度组成的船舶航行状态空间来描述船舶行为.针对传统DBSCAN聚类算法提取状态空间中相似船舶轨迹存在计算复杂高的问题,提出增量式算法改进DBSCAN算法用以高效地计算不同船舶的行为模式;然后利用核密度估计等统计方法对不同模式的船舶行为特征进行数据挖掘,得到船舶航速、航向和位置的时空分布特征规律,进一步挖掘不同行为模式下的船舶微观特征.以武汉航段的汉江分叉航道水域作为研究案例,利用所提的方法对该水域分析研究,得到了6类不同行为模式,挖掘出不同模式下分叉航道内船舶静态属性信息(船舶类型、船舶尺寸)、空间分布特征(轨迹点分布、航速分布、航向分布)、船舶到达规律等信息.利用该模型所提取的知识有助于水上监管人员迅速获取水域交通态势,从而提高水上交通安全监管的水平和效率.     

基于双基站交通数据采集技术的假套牌车辆识别方法

假牌、套牌车辆对社会安全和交通运输行业的秩序造成了极大的负面影响,寻找快速有效的假套牌车辆识别方法十分必要.研究了一种基于射频识别(RFID)技术和图像识别技术结合的假套牌车辆识别方法.对同一处基站的RFID系统和视频抓拍识别系统采集的车辆车牌信息进行对比分析,得出疑似假套牌车辆.然后对多基站检测信息联合比对,相比于单基站,降低了疑似假套牌车辆的数量.选取南京市主干道上6个基站的检测数据作为实例,检测结果发现,通过5处基站检测的假套牌车辆比通过2处基站检测的假套牌车辆减少了210辆,降低了假套牌车辆的误检率.对建立的疑似假套牌车辆数据库验证分析,其正确率达到94.5%.相比较传统的方法,其具有覆盖范围大、不受时间限制、反应迅速等优势,可为交警部门查处假套牌车辆提供有力支撑.     

Shockwave-based queue estimation approach for undersaturated and oversaturated signalized intersections using multi-source detection data

With the progress of information and sensing technologies, estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections becomes feasible and has attracted considerable attention. The existing studies provided a solid theoretical foundation for the estimation; however, the studies have some restrictions or limitations more or less. This paper presents a new methodology for estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections using multi-source detection data under both undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. The methodology applies the shockwave theory to model queue dynamics. Using data from probe vehicles and point detectors, analytical formulations for calculating the maximum and minimum (residual) queue lengths of each cycle are developed. Ground truth data were collected from numerical experiments conducted at two intersections in Shanghai, China, to verify the proposed methodology. It is found that the methodology has mean absolute percentage errors of 17.09% and 12.28%, respectively, for maximum queue length estimation in two tests, which are reasonably effective. However, the methodology is unsatisfactory in estimating the residual queue length. Other limitations of the proposed models and algorithms are also discussed in the paper.     

Classification of Livebus arrivals user behavior

With the increasing use of Intelligent Transport Systems, large amounts of data are created. Innovative information services are introduced and new forms of data are available, which could be used to understand the behavior of travelers and the dynamics of people flows. This work analyzes the requests for real-time arrivals of bus routes at stops in London made by travelers using Transport for London's LiveBus Arrivals system. The available dataset consists of about one million requests for real-time arrivals for each of the 28 days under observation. These data are analyzed for different purposes. LiveBus Arrivals users are classified based on a set of features and using K-Means, Expectation Maximization, Logistic regression, One-level decision tree, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) by Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO). The results of the study indicate that the LiveBus Arrivals requests can be classified into six main behaviors. It was found that the classification-based approaches produce better results than the clustering-based ones. The most accurate results were obtained with the SVM-SMO methodology (Precision of 97%). Furthermore, the behavior within the six classes of users is analyzed to better understand how users take advantage of the LiveBus Arrivals service. It was found that the 37% of users can be classified as interchange users. This classification could form the basis of a more personalized LiveBus Arrivals application in future, which could support management and planning by revealing how public transport and related services are actually used or update information on commuters.     

某过江通道工程始发井地表施工监测分析

以南京市纬三路过江通道工程江北始发井为工程背景,介绍了盾构机推进路线上方的施工监测项目、测点布设原则及情况,结合盾构机掘进位置分析地表及周边建构筑物的施工监测数据,研究地表结构的沉降变化规律。     

破碎岩体注浆加固后的力学特性研究（双语出版）

基于理论分析建立破碎岩体注浆加固体力学模型,通过室内试验制作加固体试样并开展单轴抗压试验,分析破碎岩体含量、破碎程度、界面粗糙程度以及注浆材料黏结性能等因素对加固体强度的影响。试验表明：注浆加固体试样在单轴压缩破坏过程中,其内部石块基本保持完整性,破坏主要产生在交界面以及注浆材料内部;当V_BP较大时,在碎石体的阻隔作用下,破裂面无法一次性产生,且多为剪切型破坏;当V_BP较小时,压缩破坏过程中直接形成了上下贯通的破裂面,且多为拉断型破坏;对于未加固的破碎岩体,其强度随V_BP增加而减小,且强度离散程度较大;加固后其强度随V_BP的增大而增大,整体强度大幅提高,同时呈现出明显的线性相关性;加固体强度随碎石数量的增加而减小,二者的线性相关性不显著;加固体强度随着注浆材料黏结强度的增加而增加,随交界面体密度的增加而减小;交界面体密度与黏结强度相互影响,总体强度是二者耦合作用的结果。基于加固体力学模型以及单轴抗压试验数据提出了加固体强度计算公式,该公式考虑了破碎岩体含量、破碎程度、界面粗糙程度以及注浆材料黏结性能等因素对加固体强度的影响。通过与实际试验数据比较,证明了该公式可以较好地对破碎岩体加固强度进行预测。     

基于Redis盾构远程监控系统设计

为解决B/S模式的盾构远程监控系统随着处理数据量加大出现数据库负载过大、网页显示延迟等问题,基于B/S模式和Redis缓存技术设计盾构远程监控系统,系统包括数据层、应用层和展示层3部分。在数据层中使用Redis缓存数据,使系统具有高效的数据处理能力,并搭建Redis集群以实现高容灾和高可用性; 应用层和展示层采用分模块方式设计,可降低系统耦合度,简化开发流程。     

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经过规范化的发展,已经涌现出不少成熟的企业信息集成(EII)模型,而城市交通信息集成（UTII）方面还缺乏规范、成熟的模型。基于此,本文从流程再造、数据交互以及数据挖掘三个方面,提出了一种城市交通信息集成三维模型（3D-UTII)。这三个维度的集成即为：基于流程再造的交通信息系统内部的深度集成（DDII）,基于异构数据库技术的交通信息系统间的广度集成（EDII）,以及基于数据挖掘技术的分析式集成（ADII）。本文对这三个维度的实施框架和具体实现技术分别做出了进一步阐述,最后使用北京市奥运交通应急系统的信息集成方案为实例对模型的实施做出了说明和验证。     

A data model applied to the knowledge-based ICAS

Image-guided computer aided surgery system (ICAS) contributes to safeness and success of surgery operations by means of displaying anatomical structures and showing correlative information to surgeons in the process of operation. Based on analysis of requirements for ICAS, a new concept of clinical knowledge-based ICAS was proposed. Designing a reasonable data structure model is essential for realizing this new concept. The traditional data structure is limited in expressing and reusing the clinical knowledge such as locating an anatomical object, topological relations of anatomical objects and correlative clinical attributes. A data structure model called mixed adjacency lists by octree-path-chain (MALOC) was outlined, which can combine patient's images with clinical knowledge, as well as efficiently locate the instrument and search the objects' information. The efficiency of data structures was analyzed and experimental results were given in comparison to other traditional data structures. The result of the nasal surgery experiment proves that MALOC is a proper model for clinical knowledge-based ICAS that has advantages in not only locating the operative instrument precisely but also proving surgeons with real-time operation-correlative information. It is shown that the clinical knowledge-based ICAS with MALOC model has advantages in terms of safety and success of surgical operations, and help in accurately locating the operative instrument and providing operation-correlative knowledge and information to surgeons in the process of operations.     

基于GIS的武汉市公交线路最优路径运算研究

基于GIS的空间数据库技术,可以对公交实体要素进行详细表述,为精确计算换乘延误提供了可能。以武汉市公交系统为实例研究对象,建立了基于GIS的公交网络数据库,应用可行的基于换乘次数最少的最优路径算法,在ArcGIS中实现了任意两点间的最优路径查询。