Trade-offs between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints: A case study of an integrated multi-objective model

This paper investigates the performance of a policy decision tool proposed for multi-objective decision under different policy interventions. This tool deals with the trade-off between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints. Two system objectives, maximization of mobility and equity, are formulated in terms of the sum of total car ownership and number of trips, and the differences in accessibility between zones. Environmental capacities are based on production efficiency theory in which the frontier emission under maximum system efficiency is taken as environmental capacity. To examine the performance of the proposed model, three types of hypothetical policies (network improvement, population increase and urban sprawl) are formulated. Effects are simulated using data pertaining to Dalian City, China. Results show that the proposed model is capable of representing the trade-offs between mobility and equity based on different policy interventions. Compared with two extreme cases with the single objective of mobility maximization or equity maximization, the Pareto-optimal solutions provide more interesting practical options for decision makers. Taking the solution based on the maximum equity as an example, the policy of urban sprawl yields the most significant improvement in both emission and accessibility of the three scenarios.     

集对分析的灰数决策法在交通规划中的应用

用灰数表示决策信息是合理的.通过构造灰数意义上的决策值与比较域,利用集对分析的相对性,在与同一、对立(最优、最劣)目标接近程度意义上构造了决策值与比较域间的集对联系数.引入了集对联系数中同一度和对立度间相互关联的集对势的概念,利用集对势的大小对方案的优劣进行排序.作为集对分析和灰数的结合,建立了基于集对分析的灰数多指标决策模型.最后,以实例验证了该模型的有效性与实用性.     

模糊决策方法定量评价道路安全性的尝试

运用安全系统工程模糊决策方法．分析天津市东丽区驯海路的不安全因素，建立双层多因素集．通过线性代数运算评价，计算出驯海路定量安全性，从而得出道路是否需要整改的结论，并提出改进措施。     

基于改进的模糊决策树ETC系统客户欺诈分析研究

随着我国ETC系统的普及，对其进行管理成了急需解决的问题，因利用电子标签和智能卡进行欺诈的行为将给高速公路管理部门带来了极大的损失。介绍了一种改进的模糊决策二叉树模型。即采用最优分割熵方法确定最优割点来对数据模糊化，引入模糊数学中的不确定性理论，依据分类的不确定性建造树，生成规则，在此基础上利用规则匹配的方法检测任意的样本数据是否为欺诈数据。     

道路交通无序拥挤控制模型的研究

为了解决道路交通无序拥挤控制问题,定义交通序参数、路段交通的有序和无序,建立涨落后无序拥挤控制过程数学规划模型,采用动态分流决策方法求解模型得出无序拥挤控制的最佳方案,并给出相应的算法,最后用一个例子说明算法的实用性。     

灰色理论在养护决策中的应用研究

选取平整度、车辙、抗滑能力、路面破损作为控制指标,采用灰色聚类法对养护路段进行分类,以达到科学决策的目的,可为类似公路的养护提供参考。     

融合可持续理念的交通规划方案比选方法——以亚特兰大大都市区为例

越来越多的机构开始为交通系统的可持续发展定义,并试图将这一概念融入区域交通规划过程.然而,只有极少数的区域规划机构意识到了交通系统和土地利用变化给经济、环境和社会生活质量(这三者通常被认为是可持续交通系统的三个基本方面)带来的广泛影响.首先,论述了使用多个可持续发展指标的多准则决策方法,并应用其评估亚特兰大大都市区的三...     

欺骗干扰机载预警雷达的辅助决策研究

针对欺骗干扰装有副瓣对消系统的机载预警雷达,分别给出了干扰站一线配置时欺骗干扰信号从雷达主瓣、副瓣进入的兵力部署和兵力需求优化决策方法,推导了在一定战术要求下的指挥辅助决策计算公式。     

基于多属性决策的无人驾驶自主变道决策技术研究

在无人驾驶领域,随着车辆上布置的传感器不断丰富,无人驾驶系统可以从周围环境获得更多的信息,从而为车辆的自主判断行为决策带来可能。然而即使是有经验的驾驶员在进行变道动作的时候也需要格外的小心,因此无人驾驶系统的变道行为分析需要做到足够准确和谨慎,才能保证安全性,这也正是目前为止还没有非常完善的无人驾驶变道决策系统的原因。本文提出一种基于多属性决策的无人驾驶自主变道决策技术,帮助无人驾驶车辆在道路行驶中进行更有效、更安全的自主变道决策。     

Transportation agencies experiences with decision support systems for airport ground access planning

This article reports on a field investigation into the ways that transportation agencies use quantitative and qualitative information for making strategic decisions regarding airport ground access. The study analyzes the value of this information for planning airport ground access improvements at seven major international airport sites.The major finding of the research is that quantitative modeling for strategic decision support is very difficult, costly and time consuming. Modelers are confident that the models are accurate and reliable but executives generally lack confidence in the results. Transportation officials believe that the information supplied is flawed by a number of defects that minimize its value for strategic decision makers. The information defects described in this article provide an analysis of the structural difficulty of using quantitative modeling for transportation problems of strategic importance. To date, qualitative information is not frequently used, but some transportation agencies are considering its application to designing transportation services. Although this study is limited to airport ground access, the authors feel that this evidence, in conjunction with the evidence from other studies in the transportation area, dictates a need for wariness in the development of decision support systems for transportation planners. Developers of decision support systems for transportation planners must be aware of modeling costs and defects and consider how to improve the timeliness, relevance and credibility of information quantitative models provide transportation executives. Fundamentally it is important to recognize that decision makers tend, either singularly or in concert with other individuals or groups, to be the champions of a long-term vision for the community. When modeling produces inconsistent or wide ranging results that contradict their position, decision makers may not only discard modeling activities, but lose confidence in the models altogether. As a consequence, transportation planners are faced with the challenge of how to improve quantitative modeling. The most reliable and effective means for improvement is incorporation of qualitative techniques which provide greater understanding of customer perceptions and human behavior.