不同路面结构对软基不均匀沉降的适应性研究

针对软土地基的特点，基于弹性层状多层体系理论和国外容许应变设计方法，设计了两种具有级配碎石和较厚沥青层的沥青路面结构、一种常规的半刚性基层沥青路面结构；运用ABAQUS有限元程序分析了3种路面结构中路堤的沉降、结构层底面的附加应力等力学响应；采用灰色关联决策理论，确定了3种路面结构的软土地基适应性以及底基层合理的弹性模量。分析表明，级配碎石夹层沥青路面结构具有较好的软土地基适应性，其底基层材料宜采用较高的模量；而常规的半刚性基层沥青路面结构对软基的适应性较差。分析结果可为软土地区新建沥青路面结构设计提供参考。     

基于风险分析的公路项目投资决策

针对公路建设项目投资决策中的风险问题，通过计算项目现金流量的概率，定量分析了项目所承担的风险，为投资者提供了必要的决策信息，减少了决策的盲目性。公路建设项目投资风险主要以经济风险的形式来反映，各种风险因素的综合作用直接导致项目现金流量发生变化，最终影响到项目的评价指标。以具体公路建设项目为例，对各种风险因素进行分析，并对由此引起的现金流变化进行估计，得到包含风险因素的现金流，据此对净现值（NPV）进行风险评价，得出NPV的分布区间和大于零的概率，可作为公路项目投资决策的依据。     

基于决策树的高速公路事件持续时间预测

利用决策树方法对高速公路事件持续时间预测问题进行研究。首先在借鉴各国研究经验的基础上，根据所研究事件数据集中的事件持续时间数据的分布特征确定构造基于决策树的预测方法；然后用整理得到的660组事件数据，通过对各类事件的显著性分析，建立高速公路事件持续时间预测决策树，并用同一数据集中未用于决策树构造的170组数据对决策树的预测效果进行检验。检验结果表明：所开发决策树的预测值与实际值的相关系数为0．8423，预测结果基本能够反映真实的事件持续时间情况。     

Incorporating Uncertain and Incomplete Subjective Judgments into the Evaluation Procedure of Transportation Demand Management Alternatives

This paper proposes a methodology for evaluating transportation demand management (TDM) alternatives in the context of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). The proposed approach takes into account not only quantitative criteria (i.e. transportation and environmental impacts) but also qualitative criteria (i.e. social impacts) which are intrinsically uncertain and subjective. The transportation impacts of the TDM alternatives are estimated by TRIPS¹ program, while the MOBILE5a² is employed in order to estimate environmental impacts in terms of NO_X, CO and Hydrocarbon. The social impacts of the TDM alternatives are estimated by interviewing relevant experts. Consequently, the uncertain subjective judgements were quantified by the evidential reasoning (ER) approach based on decision theory and Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence. In order to measure the weights of criteria, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted. As a last step, the CODASID³ method based on a complete concordance and discordance analysis is used to rank alternative TDM schemes. The proposed approach is demonstrated by ranking 14 TDM alternatives, which are chosen for the central business area in Bangkok, Thailand of 22-square-kilometers.     

全寿命成本分析法在侧风影响下桥梁行车安全决策中的应用

为了顺利进行桥梁行车安全决策,基于全寿命成本分析法的基本原理,采用计算社会成本的方法综合考虑公众安全和社会效益,对侧风影响下桥梁行车安全设计方案的全寿命成本内容进行分析研究,并提出计算其全寿命成本的思路。其中,社会成本的计算主要研究采取管理措施关闭大桥导致的运输成本增加和侧风导致的事故人员伤亡损失,并总结出其考虑资金时间效应的计算模型。最后,以某跨海大桥的行车安全决策问题为例进行示例研究,在研究得到的数据和假定参数的基础上计算出各安全决策方案的全寿命期业主成本和社会成本并进行比较研究,以说明全寿命成本分析法在桥梁行车安全决策中的应用。     

基于Markov决策过程的驾驶员行为模型

将驾驶员-汽车看作统一的人机系统,利用驾驶员驾驶过程的本质是决策过程的性质,通过确定系统的决策时刻、决策报酬、状态转移速率和概率、抽象驾驶员的行为集合等建立了基于Markov决策过程的驾驶员行为模型,最后对所建模型进行了计算机仿真.     

高速公路沥青路面预防性养护最佳实施时机及对策

结合申苏浙皖高速公路养护的实际情况,全面分析了高速公路预防性养护时机的确定和对策.研究表明,采用合理的养护时机,有利于保持高速公路良好的使用状态和服务水平,延长路面的使用寿命;有利于向使用者提供安全、快捷、舒适、经济、优美的行车环境;有利于树立高速公路的对外形象,最终提高高速公路的经济效益和社会效益.     

Heuristic approach to the airline schedule disturbances problem

Abstract

When disturbances make it impossible to realise the planned flight schedule, the dispatcher at the airline operational centre defines a new flight schedule based on airline policy, in order to reduce the negative effects of these perturbations. Depending on airline policy, when designing the new flight schedule, the dispatcher delays or cancels some flights and reassigns some flights to available aircraft. In this paper, a decision support system (DSS) for solving the airline schedule disturbances problem is developed aiming to assist decision makers in handling disturbances in real-time. The system is based on a heuristic algorithm, which generates a list of different feasible schedules ordered according to the value of an objective function. The dispatcher can thus select and implement one of them. In this paper, the possibilities of DSS are illustrated by real numerical examples that concern JAT Airways' flight schedule disturbances.     

Evaluating transport infrastructure decisions under uncertainty

This study uses a hybrid approach, combining cost–benefit analysis (CBA), multiple criteria decision analysis, and Dempster–Shafer Theory, to evaluate transport infrastructure decisions. This approach not only retains the advantages of CBA, but it also facilitates the incorporation of incomplete information into the evaluation process. A particular advantage of this hybrid approach is that it can synthesize evaluation results into an easily understood unit, namely utility. A case study of Taiwan's Tamsui-Taipei Riverside Highway Project is used to illustrate the evaluation method. The evaluation results show that, whereas government officials and city council members support the highway project, academic researchers oppose it. Overall, the decision group tends to positively approve this transport infrastructure investment. These results also reflect the actual situation in Taiwan as stakeholders grapple with the issues arising from the proposed Tamsui-Taipei Riverside Highway Project.     

基于BP神经网络的智能车辆换道决策模型研究

为了正确刻画智能网联环境下的车辆换道行为,提出基于BP神经网络的车辆换道决策模型.分析了交通流中车辆换道行为,以HighD自然驾驶数据集为数据来源,筛选出1 900组车辆换道和未换道信息作为模型的训练与验证,利用高斯滤波方法拟合目标车辆换道轨迹和横向位移轨迹,选择影响车辆换道决策的7个参数作为模型输入,建立BP神经网络...