东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道主要工程地质问题研究

东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道下穿东江,为极高风险隧道。采用地质调绘、钻探、一孔多用(数字式全景钻孔摄像、声波测井)、水文地质试验、土工试验等综合勘察方法,运用岩体完整性系数定量分析岩体的完整性,采用水文地质试验测试含水层的渗透系数,利用裘布依理论公式定量计算隧道涌水量,采用室内试验测试软土力学指标,利用岩石抗压试验定量计算泥岩和泥质粉砂岩的软化系数。依据上述测试成果,研究了东江隧道突涌水、软土大变形、软岩变形、流砂、基坑开挖引发周边地面及建筑物变形、惠州断裂等主要工程地质问题,提出了相应的防治措施建议。研究结论为:东江隧道主要工程地质问题突出,但是可以采取相应的工程措施进行处理。     

Analysis of collapse resistance of offshore rigid frame - Continuous girder bridge based on time-varying fragility

In service period, the key to ensure the service performance of bridge is to control its material durability damage and continuous collapse better. Nowadays, most anti - collapse analysis under earthquake is for the frame structure, the theory and method of anti - collapse analysis of bridge is not systematically summarized. Taking a 4 - span rigid frame - continuous girder bridge in offshore seismic prone region as an example, a new quantitative criterion for collapse resistance was proposed based on theoretical fragility, reliability theory and concept removal method of components, which is suitable for the example bridge. The results show that the time-varying durability damage and time-varying bond - slip effect on mechanical properties of materials can't be ignored in service period; the fragility and importance coefficient increase with service life, while the robustness coefficient decreases with service life, the different optimization algorithms all improve their corresponding parameters; when the bridge reaches its designed service life, its robustness coefficient is about 25% of that of the new, when the bridge exceeds the designed service life, its robustness coefficient decay rate is low, and the residual robustness coefficient is about 18%, the bridge still has certain anti - collapse performance.     

复合纤维混凝土的早期抗裂性能

通过在水泥基体中加入纤维素纤维(CTF)、聚乙烯醇纤维(PF)、复合微筋纤维(VS)3种性能各异的纤维,分析了其单掺与混掺时混凝土的早期抗裂性能.结果表明:单掺时PF在3种纤维中对早期抗裂性能贡献最大,但混掺时CTF,VS可与PF形成互补,产生正混杂效应,其中CTF与PF共同遏制早期微裂纹的扩展,VS在微裂纹扩展为裂缝时发挥"桥接"作用,从而增强混凝土早期抗裂性能.研究结果可为研发高性能水泥基复合纤维材料提供参考.     

基于Matlab的空间RSSR机构弹性动力学研究

随着现代科学技术的进步，轻量化和高速化的机械结构也越来越受到广泛关注。因此，结构中的柔性构件的应用也越来越广泛。这些柔性构件会直接导致结构在运动中存在一定的弹性变形，最终导致机械结构的输出误差。通过本文的相关论述，为解决空间RSSR机构因柔性产生的输出误差的计算提供了一种建模计算方法，同时也为补偿由于机构杆件柔性给系统带来的输出误差具有一定的指导意义。     

基于椭圆拟合的隧道点云数据去噪方法

针对地铁隧道这一狭长密闭环境,激光雷达相较于传统隧道形变检测方法具有显著优势。由于受环境以及隧道中安装的大量设备的影响,数据中会包含大量噪声点,无法得到隧道完整内表壁数据,从而影响到数据在形变检测及三维建模等方面的应用。结合最小二乘法和拉格朗日乘数法对隧道点云模型进行椭圆拟合,并将其应用于圆形隧道点云滤波,利用各区域数据对隧道形变进行检测。对滤波结果的精度评定及其有效性分析表明,此算法针对隧道点云数据的滤波具有良好效果及稳定性。     

Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: A combined CFD&DEM approach

Whilst climate change is transforming the Arctic into a navigable ocean where small ice floes are floating on the sea surface, the effect of such ice conditions on ship performance has yet to be understood. The present work combines a set of numerical methods to simulate the ship-wave-ice interaction in such ice conditions. Particularly, Computational Fluid Dynamics is applied to provide fluid solutions for the floes and it is incorporated with the Discrete Element Method to govern ice motions and account for ship-ice/ice-ice collisions, by which, the proposed approach innovatively includes ship-generated waves in the interaction. In addition, this work provides two algorithms that can implement computational models with natural ice-floe fields, which takes floe size distribution and randomness into consideration thus achieving high-fidelity modelling of the problem. Following validation against experiments, the model is shown accurate in predicting the ice-floe resistance of a ship, and then a series of simulations are performed to investigate how the resistance is influenced by ship speed, ice concentration, ice thickness and floe diameter. This paper presents a useful approach that can provide power estimates for Arctic shipping and has the potential to facilitate other polar engineering purposes.     

桶形直立结构护岸抗滑稳定计算方法的研究

本文对依托工程已取得研究结果的衔接段原位观测数据和离心模型试验研究进行分析,在此基础上初步建立了桶形直立结构护岸的抗滑稳定计算方法。     

地铁隧道下穿既有铁路基础变形控制标准研究

地铁隧道下穿既有铁路施工时,线路基础变形会引起轨道几何尺寸发生变化,从而影响运营安全。首先,基于地铁隧道下穿既有有砟轨道线路路基的工程实际,建立有限元模型对地铁隧道下穿既有铁路变形规律进行分析。然后,以既有线路的轨道高低容许偏差管理值为依据,制定不同速度等级、不同埋深条件下铁路基础变形的控制标准和下穿施工时的沉降速率控制标准,为类似工程沉降控制标准的制定和施工安全管理提供参考。     

复杂环境下连续弯钢箱梁耐火性能提升方法

交通类火灾严重威胁钢结构桥梁的耐久性和安全性。为提升复杂环境(开放火灾和弯桥荷载)下连续弯钢箱梁的耐火性能,增强钢结构桥梁的安全服役寿命,选取大型立交桥枢纽工程中两跨连续弯钢箱梁为研究对象,通过建立耐火试验验证的钢箱梁与混凝土刚性基层协同工作的数值预测模型,深入揭示开放环境碳氢火灾下传热模式和结构特征耦合的箱梁力学行为演化规律。研究了局部环境火灾作用下结构的高温响应与失效模式,分析了复杂荷载状况、弯曲半径与支座布置方式对连续弯钢箱梁火灾响应行为的影响,提出了复杂环境下连续弯钢箱梁的耐火性能提升方法。研究结果表明:连续弯钢箱梁在火灾下的内外侧挠度差值不断增大,主梁内外侧支座反力的变化呈相反趋势,并且在受火初期支座反力变化程度剧烈;受火区域边缘靠近中支点的底板与腹板严重屈曲从而先形成塑性铰,然后在受火跨跨中形成塑性铰,随即整跨结构发生突然性垮塌;荷载水平的增大会显著缩短其耐火极限,受火前期及时撤离桥上的车辆荷载能够有效地延缓变形发展并且避免结构的突然性垮塌;曲率半径小于200 m会显著加剧连续弯钢箱梁高温下的弯扭耦合效应,增大主梁内外侧挠度差值与内外侧支座反力变化幅度,削弱火灾下结构的整体稳定性能;在钢结构桥梁抗火设计时中支点应设置抗扭支座,常温下支座的布置方式对火灾下连续弯钢箱梁的支座受力状况改善甚微,应在支座与梁端附近增设外部限位装置以防止结构变形过大。研究结论可为提升复杂环境下钢结构桥梁抵抗火灾的能力以及增强安全服役寿命提供设计依据。     

不同隔离措施在阻隔盾构施工引起地层变形试验研究

以京张高铁清华园大直径泥水盾构隧道工程为背景,重点探究盾构掘进过程中竖向隔离措施对于地层变形传播的阻隔特征。实测3种竖向隔离结构包括钻孔灌注桩、复合锚杆桩及门型墩的位移及其影响下的地层变形,同时提出衡量隔离措施对地层变形阻隔程度的判别指标,依据此指标发现,门型墩的隔离效果最优、钻孔灌注桩的隔离效果次之、复合锚杆桩的隔离效果最差,但三者的隔离效果的差别并不很明显。同时采用数值方法对隔离措施的隔离效应进行模拟,得出同样类似的结论。本文的研究可以为类似工程中隔离措施的选择提供借鉴,考虑到经济的适用性要求,一般采用复合锚杆桩足以阻隔变形。