EP 信号潜伏期变化的自适应相位谱估计方法

研究了诱发电位（ＥＰ）信号潜伏期变化的检测与估计问题．传统的时域平均ＥＰ信号检测方法不能跟踪潜伏期的时变特性，基于相关计算的ＥＰ信号检测方法在存在外界周期性干扰的条件下是很不可靠的．本文提出一种自适应相位谱时间延迟估计方法，用于在低信噪比和低信扰比条件下检测和估计诱发电位信号潜伏期的变化．实验和计算机模拟表明，在信噪比和信扰比均低至－５ｄＢ时，本文方法仍能有效地跟踪ＥＰ信号潜伏期的变化，给出正确的估计结果．这种方法也可以用于时实ＥＰ信号的分析和处理．     

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城市道路分等级路阻函数的研究对智能交通系统(ITS)至关重要，本文首先分 析了大城市快速路以及主干路的特点，并给出了相应的路阻函数的形式，并基于实际调查数据分析了城市快速路及主干路路段的车速与交通量的关系，通过得到的关系论述了两等级道路的路段路组函数的特点及适应形式。并重点针对主干路的交叉口延误计算进行研究，建立了适应各类型交又口延误计算的统一模型，设计了延误计算公式的检验方法，并通过实际调查数据进行了模型的检验.最后确定了城市快速路与主干路路阻函数的模型。     

公交优先的信号交叉口配时优化方法

传统的交叉口信号配时方法将所有车辆同等对待,对于公交车辆比例较大的相位是不公平的。提出了以人总延误最小为信号周期时长的优化目标,以相位乘客流量比和相位饱和度确定绿信比的方法。应用分析表明,按照这一方法进行配时,虽然车均延误比用传统方法进行配时略大,但公交车辆和人均延误却降低了约30％,在保障交叉口交通顺畅的前提下体现了公交优先,减少了公交车辆在信号交叉口的延误。     

城市主干道行人过街 安全岛设置研究

行人过街安全岛可有效地改善行人的步行环境,对于提高行人过街的安全性起着十分重要的作用,故有必要在归纳比较国内外安全岛特点和设置标准的基础上,提出安全岛的概念,并结合行人驻足空间对安全岛的设置和设计提出建议。实例分析结果表明,该方法有效可行,并可为我国城市主干道行人安全岛的设置,特别是交叉口安全岛的设置和设计提供有益的思路。     

竖向预应力筋对连续刚构桥受力影响分析

竖向预应力筋在连续刚构桥中主要起控制腹板主拉应力的作用,根据现行规范分析了不同长度竖向预应力筋的损失比例,提出了减小竖向预应力损失的几种措施;针对目前设计中采用的滞后张拉竖向预应力筋的方法,开展了3种滞后张拉竖向预应力筋方式对连续刚构桥受力的影响分析,在此基础上提出了竖向预应力合理张拉时间的建议;建立了箱梁腹板的细部有限元模型,详细地分析了腹板在单根竖向预应力筋作用下的应力分布情况和腹板上缘出现拉应力的原因,据此提出避免上缘拉应力出现的构造措施。     

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分析了F-B配时方法延误计算模型的缺陷。证明了上海配时方法的结果是各个相位的饱和度为1。建立了延误-通行能力联合优化配时模型,以延误与通行能力之比最小为优化目标。应用分析表明：F-B配时方法使车均延误比现状减少了1.65s;上海配时方法使车均延误减少了8.15s,但通行能力降低了422pcu/h;联合优化配时法使车均延误减少了9.46s,通行能力保持了现状水平。     

Optimality of environmental policies in air transport markets and changes in the schedule delay: A theoretical approach

Air transport provides essential services in modern economies, though it produces significant negative external effects on the environment. Air quality, greenhouse gas emissions and noise are the main issues. The current environmental regulatory practice in air transport usually devises policy interventions for each externality in isolation disregarding their impact on the schedule delay, which in turn affects the consumers’ generalized price and social welfare. In this paper we develop a theoretical model that shows that such an approach is inadequate, and may lead to the choice of wrong environmental policies.     

发耳高瓦斯公路隧道开挖爆破技术

贵州水盘高速公路发耳隧道为煤与瓦斯突出隧道,高瓦斯工区瓦斯涌出量大,施工必须采取爆破开挖。通过总结非电(导爆管)爆破与电雷管爆破的区别,分析导爆管爆破和电雷管爆破在大断面隧道爆破中的适用性。依据发耳隧道现场爆破实践,从隧道成形、超/欠挖现象、堆碴抛投情况、循环周期和安全系数等方面对比高段别毫秒导管爆破和煤矿许用毫秒延期电雷管爆破的效果。结果表明:高段别毫秒导爆管爆破方式明显优越于煤矿许用毫秒延期电雷管爆破方式。为大断面隧道爆破开挖提供了理论参考,对提高施工安全以及取得较好的社会效益和经济效益有所裨益。     

Deconstructing delay: A non-parametric approach to analyzing delay changes in single server queuing systems

This paper introduces an empirically driven, non-parametric method to isolate and estimate the effects that changes in demand and changes in throughput have on delay – in particular, arrival and departure flight delay at airport runways. Classic queuing concepts were used to develop a method by which an intermediate, or counterfactual, queuing scenario could be constructed, to isolate the delay effects due to shifts in demand and throughput. This method includes the development of a stochastic throughput function that is based entirely on data and has three key features. Firstly, the function relies on non-parametric, empirically-based probability distributions of throughput counts. Secondly, facility capacity needs not be explicitly defined, as it is implicitly included in the probability distributions of throughput. Thirdly, the throughput performance function preserves the effect of factors that cause capacity (and, therefore, throughput) to fluctuate over a given period. Temporal sequences of high, moderate, and low capacity are maintained between the observed and counterfactual scenarios. The method was applied to a case study of the three major New York area airports of LaGuardia (LGA), Newark Liberty (EWR), and John F. Kennedy (JFK), using operational data extracted from the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) database. The focus was on the peak summer travel seasons of 2006 and 2007, as these airports experienced record levels of delay in 2007. The results indicate that decreases in both demand and throughput were experienced at LGA and EWR, although the decreases in throughput had more significant effects on operational delays as they increased overall at these airports. At JFK, the increase in departure throughput was not sufficient to offset the increase in departure demands. For arrivals, demand increased and throughput decreased. These trends caused a significant growth in delay at JFK between 2006 and 2007.