抗风浪浮码头试验研究

针对现有传统浮码头抗风浪能力不足的问题,进行原因分析。提出一种新型抗风浪浮码头方案,其设计思路是将浮码头存在过程分为正常工作与防御风浪两种工作状态,采取设置抗风浪滑动槽、工作约束和人字锚系统等关键措施,既保证其正常工作要求,又具有较高抵御风浪能力。对设计方案进行了模型试验验证,并提供确定关键参数的原则和方法。该方案为有效提高浮码头在海洋环境中的生存适应能力、发挥浮码头技术优势提供一种解决方案和技术支持。     

Quantifying environmental and financial benefits of using porters and cycle couriers for last-mile parcel delivery

Parcel carriers face increasingly difficult operating conditions in busy metropolitan areas due to growing consumer demand for ever faster delivery services and having to cope with traffic congestion and city authority measures that may restrict or penalise access for certain types of vehicle. This paper evaluates the potential environmental and financial benefits of switching from traditional van-based deliveries to an alternative operating model, where porters or cycle couriers undertake deliveries supported by a substantially reduced van fleet.Results using a specially-developed algorithm to model operations of a real carrier in an area of central London, UK, suggested that the carrier could reduce CO₂ emissions by 45%, NOx emissions by 33%, driving distance by 78% and curbside parking time by 45%. Overall cost savings to the carrier were estimated to be in the range 34–39%. Scaling up the modelled emissions savings to London’s Central Activities Zone, an area of approximately 30 km² and with current total annual parcel delivery distance of around 15 million km, could see annual emissions savings in the region of 2 million kg CO₂ and 1633 kg NOx if all carriers utilised porters or cycle couriers. The key operating challenges identified were related to sorting and consolidating items by weight and volume, parcel handover arrangements and how to deal with express items and failed deliveries.     

一种船用燃油智能化调驳系统设计

随着船舶自动化程度的提高,大型船舶传统的手动驳运燃油方式已不能满足复杂而庞大的燃油系统的调驳运行。本文针对大型船舶多油舱,船员工作强度大,手动调驳困难的缺点,设计出一套高效、可靠、自动化程度高的燃油智能化调驳系统。采用本系统的大型船舶能够大幅提高船舶燃油系统驳油自动化水平,有效降低船员的工作强度。     

基于客户分类的即时配送路径优化研究

大数据背景下即时配送平台对客户进行精细化管理已成为可能.为寻求企业长期发展，将客户分类融入到车辆路径问题中，用有限的资源提高配送准时性以得到优质客户的维持和发展，为企业赢得更多潜在效益.本文结合客户的消费行为将客户分为多个层级，根据每层级客户的特点设置超时惩罚成本，构建出基于客户分类的即时配送路径优化模型，并根据问题特点设计遗传算法求解，最后，结合某即时配送平台的业务场景进行案例分析，验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

起重铺管驳船电站系统设计

文章阐述了某1600吨起重铺管驳船的主要性能和特点,介绍了电站设计时的电力设备分类、船舶运行工况、铺管工况和吊装工况下主要设备需要系数的取值,并根据计算确定了电站主发电机、应急发电机及电力变压器的相关参数,具有一定的应用价值。     

Evaluating CO2 emissions, cost, and service quality trade-offs in an urban delivery system case study

Growing pressure to limit greenhouse gas emissions is changing the way businesses operate. This paper presents the trade-offs between cost, service quality (represented by time window guarantees), and emissions of an urban pickup and delivery system under these changing pressures. A model, developed by the authors in ArcGIS, is used to evaluate these trade-offs for a specific case study involving a real fleet with specific operational characteristics. The problem is modeled as an emissions minimization vehicle routing problem with time windows. Analyses of different external policies and internal operational changes provide insight into the impact of these changes on cost, service quality, and emissions. Specific consideration of the influence of time windows, customer density, and vehicle choice are included.The results show a stable relationship between monetary cost and kilograms of CO₂, with each kilogram of CO₂ associated with a $3.50 increase in cost, illustrating the influence of fuel use on both cost and emissions. In addition, customer density and time window length are strongly correlated with monetary cost and kilograms of CO₂ per order. The addition of 80 customers or extending the time window 100 minutes would save approximately $3.50 and 1 kilogram of CO₂ per order. Lastly, the evaluation of four different fleets illustrates significant environmental and monetary gains can be achieved through the use of hybrid vehicles.The results demonstrate there is not a trade-off between CO₂ emissions and cost, but that these two metrics trend together. This suggests the most effective way to encourage fleet operators to limit emissions is to increase the cost of fuel or CO₂ production, as this is consistent with current incentives that exist to reduce cost, and therefore emissions.     

甲板船总纵强度计算的两种方法对比

分别运用水动力计算结合全船有限元方法以及薄壁梁理论计算89 m甲板船的总纵强度.结果的比较分析表明,两种方法都能适用该类船型.     

油船改装半潜驳船的精度控制

以油船改装为半潜驳船为例,讨论改装船在分段合拢时如何勘划拆旧部分的环缝切割线、分段对接时如何根据测量数据来调整漂浮状态下新加分段的姿态以及新分段坐墩后如何检验新、老分段对接是否准确等问题,以达到对改装船的精度控制.实践证明该工艺效果良好.     

Designing optimal autonomous vehicle sharing and reservation systems: A linear programming approach

Autonomous vehicle (AV) technology holds great promise for improving the efficiency of traditional vehicle sharing systems. In this paper, we investigate a new vehicle sharing system using AVs, referred to as autonomous vehicle sharing and reservation (AVSR). In such a system, travelers can request AV trips ahead of time and the AVSR system operator will optimally arrange AV pickup and delivery schedules and AV trip chains based on these requests. A linear programming model is proposed to efficiently solve for optimal solutions for AV trip chains and required fleet size through constructed AVSR networks. Case studies show that AVSR can significantly increase vehicle use rate (VUR) and consequentially reduce vehicle ownership significantly. In the meantime, it is found that the actual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in AVSR systems is not significantly more than that of conventional taxis, despite inevitable empty hauls for vehicle relocation in AVSR systems. The results imply huge potential benefits from AVSR systems on improving mobility and sustainability of our current transportation systems.     

Understanding the impact of e-commerce on last-mile light goods vehicle activity in urban areas: The case of London

Growth in e-commerce has led to increasing use of light goods vehicles for parcel deliveries in urban areas. This paper provides an insight into the reasons behind this growth and the resulting effort required to meet the exacting delivery services offered by e-retailers which often lead to poor vehicle utilisation in the last-mile operation, as well as the duplication of delivery services in urban centres as competitors vie for business. A case study investigating current parcel delivery operations in central London identified the scale of the challenge facing the last-mile parcel delivery driver, highlighting the importance of walking which can account for 62% of the total vehicle round time and 40% of the total round distance in the operations studied. The characteristics of these operations are in direct conflict with the urban infrastructure which is being increasingly redesigned in favour of walking, cycling and public transport, reducing the kerbside accessibility for last-mile operations. The paper highlights other pressures on last-mile operators associated with managing seasonal peaks in demand; reduced lead times between customers placing orders and deliveries being made; meeting delivery time windows; first-time delivery failure rates and the need to manage high levels of product returns. It concludes by describing a range of initiatives that retailers and parcel carriers, sometimes in conjunction with city authorities, can implement to reduce the costs associated with last-mile delivery, without negatively impacting on customer service levels.