公路客运量预测的神经网络组合模型

针对公路客运量预测的问题,基于常用预测方法的研究,提出BP神经网络组合预测模型.结合河南省客运量运输情况,对组合预测模型进行了验证.实验结果表明,该方法对公路客运量的预测很有效.     

胶新铁路软弱土路基沉降规律与变形预测研究

软弱土具有压缩性高、含水量大、强度低和透水性差等特点,在上部荷载长期作用下,必将产生一定的沉降,甚至发生于运营阶段,对铁路的运营质量造成危害。该文基于铁道部项目-胶新铁路路基沉降监测和预测研究,对不同的试验段进行了长达两年的监测,以给出规律性的结论。首先该文介绍了软弱土路基沉降及预测的研究概况,并对研究的试验段DK300进行了介绍;然后该文详细分析了该段路基的实测沉降及其变化规律,并对各断面在通车前后的累积沉降进行对比分析,得出重要结论。最后该文对软弱土路基沉降变形预测进行了详细研究,运用了组合预测方法,结果与实测值较吻合,有实用价值。     

汽油机过渡工况进气流量的神经网络预测研究

进气流量的精确测量是车用汽油机空燃比精确控制的基础,发动机工作在过渡工况时,因进气状态变化,空气流量传感器的滞后响应影响了过渡工况空燃比的控制精度。提出了一种基于汽油机过渡工况各种参数信息融合的过渡工况进气流量预测方法,分析了影响汽油机过渡工况进气流量的各种工况参数,提取了特征参数并建立了BP神经网络信息融合预测模型。对车用汽油机加减速工况试验数据进行仿真,研究结果表明,该方法能够准确实时地预测汽油机过渡工况的进气流量,同时能够消除空气流量传感器的滞后特性。     

浅谈城市道路交通管理规划方法与应用

该文以我国城市道路交通管理规划的现状为出发点,提出了城市道路交通管理规划是一项重要课题,阐述了交通管理规划的目的、基本内容及三个层次,论述了交通需求预测的分析方法及模型。最后结合兰州市道路交通管理规划的框架与实施情况,分析其主要成果及产生的社会经济效益。     

修正四阶段法在城市交通抗灾规划中的应用

根据地震环境下不同恢复阶段的社会经济活动及交通系统特性,对传统交通预测四阶段法———出行产生、出行分布、方式划分、交通分配的宏观模型进行了修正,讨论了不同模型的参数变化趋势,建议了参数的调整原则及方法,进而以修正四阶段法为基础进行震后交通需求预测。该方法简便易行,预测得到道路通行能力、流量、负荷度和平均运行时间等多个指标,为城市交通系统防灾规划提供决策依据。最后,结合我国东南沿海某城市的工程实践,有针对性的进行了应用和验证。     

不等时距GM(1,1)模型在预测输气管道腐蚀中的应用

根据等时距GM(1,1)模型建立了不等时距GM(1,1)预测模型,该模型可应用于利用腐蚀指标的原始数据来预测以后的输气管道腐蚀情况。验证表明:不等时距灰色模型扩大了等时距灰色模型的应用范围,在小样本的情况下同样可以做出较准确预测,为输气管道的防腐提供了可靠的依据。     

寸滩站年最大洪峰演变规律及预报研究

从趋势分析和周期分析两方面分析长江上游寸滩站年最大洪峰流量演变规律.研究表明,寸滩站年最大洪峰流量序列未发生趋势性变化;其主要周期为4a,9a,11a,29a.在此基础上,应用周期与随机模型组合方法对寸滩站1939-2004年最大洪峰流量序列进行预报.率定期的合格率为84.61%,检验期合格率为80%,预测效果较好,该模型可以应用于长期预报中.研究成果对长江三峡水库防洪调度有重要的参考价值.     

我国摩擦材料设备的技术与市场定位

介绍了加拿大3家公司(CORSTEEL公司、CTP公司、AE公司)摩擦材料的生产工艺、生产设备以及相关附件、模具的生产规模,结合我国摩擦材料行业设备、模具、背板和附件的供应体系现状,对我国摩擦行业发展提出了更高的要求,即如何造出精品、树立品牌及发展相应附件使之规模化、专业化等。从加拿大设备和模具制造、压机的特点、模具厂的生产规模、背板生产的自动化、专用设备和测试设备等方面与我国目前的现状进行了对比分析。最后对我国摩擦材料专用设备的技术与市场定位进行了预测。     

Demand for rail travel to and from airports

Rail access to airports is becoming increasingly important for both train operators and the airports themselves. This paper reports analysis of inter-urban rail demand to and from Manchester and Stansted Airports and the sensitivity of this market segment to growth in air traffic and the cost and service quality of rail services. The estimated demand parameters vary in an expected manner between outward and inward air travellers as well as between airport users and general rail travellers. These parameters can be entered into the demand forecasting framework widely used in the rail industry in Great Britain to provide an appropriate means of forecasting for this otherwise neglected market segment. The novel features of this research, at least in the British context, are that it provides the first detailed analysis of aggregate rail flows to and from airports, it has disaggregated the traditional generalised time measure of rail service quality in order to estimate separate elasticities to journey time, service headway and interchange, and it has successfully explored departures from the conventional constant elasticity position.     

A conceptual and methdological framework for the generation of activity-travel patterns

This paper develops a conceptual framework for the generation of activity and travel patterns in the context of more general structures and presents an integrated model system as a step toward development of an improved travel demand forecasting model system. We propose a two-stage structure to model activity and travel behavior. The first stage, the stop generation and stop/auto allocation models, consists of the choices for the number of household maintenance stops and the allocation of stops and autos to household members. The second stage, the tour formation model, includes the choices for the number of tours and the assignment of stops to tours for each individual, conditional on the choices in the first stage. Empirical results demonstrate that individual and household socio-demographics are important factors affecting the first stage choices, the generation of maintenance stops and the allocation of stops and autos among household members, and the second stage choices, the number of tours and the assignment of stops to tours. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.