Dynamic performance of high-speed train passing windbreak breach under unsteady crosswind

Field test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method are conducted to investigate the safety of high-speed train under unsteady crosswind. Wheel–rail forces of high-speed train passing a breach between two windbreaks under strong crosswind are measured in a field test. The derailment coefficient of first wheelset of front car at the windward side reaches the allowable value. Meanwhile, the left and right of lateral wheel–rail force are in the opposite direction. This kind of phenomenon has not been tested before. Therefore, CFD and multi-body simulations are performed in order to study the phenomena. Good agreement is obtained between the simulation results and the experimental data. It is concluded that the sudden increase of transient aerodynamic loads, when the train passing the breach, is the root of this phenomenon; after running along the same direction as carbody and bogie run along the opposite direction during the high-speed train passing the windbreak breach; larger opposite longitudinal creeping forces of first wheelset compel the first wheelset to yaw toward the windward side; meanwhile, larger lateral wheel–rail forces compel the first wheelset to run toward the windward side rail; the left and right lateral wheel–rail forces become opposite because the right wheel impacts the windward side rail.     

列车-轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动稳定性分析

论证列车脱轨力学机理是列车-轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动丧失稳定。基于系统运动稳定性能量增量分析方法,提出列车-轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动稳定性分析的能量增量判别准则:当列车-轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动极限抗力做功增量大于系统横向振动最大输入能量增量时,横向振动状态稳定;反之,系统横向振动状态不稳定;二者相等时,横向振动状态处于失稳临界状态。基于上述准则,提出系统横向振动失稳临界车速与容许极限车速分析方法,并结合实例证明方法的可行性。采用上述方法得到高速铁路板式无砟轨道列车失稳临界车速为607.5km/h,容许极限车速为486km/h,证明我国高速铁路运行安全度较高。     

关于X6A型集装箱平车脱轨原因含析及对策

通过对X6A、型集装箱平车技术结构特点、发生典型脱轨事故案例以及运用检修过程中发生的典型故障进行了分析,探讨了导致脱轨事故的原因,并提出了相应的改进建议.     

侧向撞击作用下U形梁抗倾覆稳定性与失效模式

在对国内外相关规范关于桥梁抗倾覆稳定性计算方法与脱轨荷载调查分析的基础上,计算了U形梁在保持抗倾覆稳定性下的最大侧向碰撞荷载,对比了欧洲规范EN 1991-1-7:2006和TB 10002—2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》中U形梁的抗倾覆稳定性计算式。基于有限元分析方法对腹板侧向承载力进行仿真分析,明确了U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式。研究结果表明:2种规范计算得到的最大侧向碰撞荷载有所差异,但均大于3.5 MN;列车脱轨情况下的脱轨荷载模式和作用位置对U形梁抗倾覆稳定性的影响显著;U形梁跨中区域加载侧的底板和腹板在侧向位移加载模式下发生了大面积塑性损伤,腹板还发生了明显的侧向变形;U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式表现为腹板侧向承载力达到极限而发生破坏,通过拟静力分析确定U形梁腹板侧向极限承载力为1.5 MN,结构整体不会倾覆失稳。在设计和使用阶段应对U形梁腹板的损伤和承载力评估予以重点关注。     

车辆脱轨的耦合动力学分析

本文应用车辆－轨道系统耦合动力学理论，对车辆经过一段由缓－圆－缓组成的线路进行了车辆的脱轨稳定性分析。通过对车辆在耦合动力学模型与传统车辆动力学模型下脱轨道稳定性之分析比较，指出了进行车辆脱轨的耦合动力学分析必要性。     

Analysis of train derailment after hitting the pier of tongling yangtze river bridge combined road with railwayEI北大核心

Research purposes: Precise prediction for mechanical behavior of the bridge under ship collision force is important to assess the analysis of train derailment after hitting the pier. This paper focuses on the Tongling Yangtze River Bridge Combined Road with Railway for ship collision simulation, uses the nonlinear finite element software of ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate the ship's bow section of 10000 t and 5000 t class hitting bridge tower column at front and axle to 20° of side in highest navigable water level, conventional navigable water level and the minimum navigable water level. Curves of collision force-period at different working conditions are summarized. On this basis, when the impact load affects as input loads, the displacement and acceleration response can be used by finite element analysis under the collision and study the dynamic response of the bridge caused by a train derailment risk. Research conclusions: (1) The impact force of the bridge is largest when a laden ship is hitting the pier at the highest navigable water level. In the most unfavorable condition, the collision have lardge impact on bridge structure and derailment risk of trains. (2) The transverse acceleration of the girder on the top of 2# pier can reach to 0.922 m/s2, but it does not exceed acceleration excitation limit (1 m/s2) when 3# piers are hitted by the 10000 t ship at the peak load of collision, so the probability of train derailment is minimal. (3) Based on the probability formula of the derailment by simplifying risk criteria, the derailment probability of train is 9×10-5~1.5×10-4 during the ship-bridge collision. (4) The research results can provide the reference for train traffic safety on railway bridge caused by ship collisions.     

铁路货车脱轨事故风险评价研究

综合应用安全系统工程的方法论,提出现阶段铁路货车安全评价的方法,在此基础上对影响货车脱轨的因素进行了全面细致的分析归类,应用层次分析法及模糊综合评价法建立了货车脱轨定量评价模型,并进行了实例分析。     

基于统计原理的铁路隧道运营期灾害类型及防灾对策研究

统计分析了83例国内外铁路隧道运营期事故资料,研究了铁路隧道运营期间主要灾害类型、原因及防灾对策。研究结果表明:1)铁路隧道运营期间主要灾害类型有火灾、列车碰撞、脱轨及衬砌剥落;2)铁路隧道运营期防灾应以隧道火灾为重点,同时兼顾列车碰撞、脱轨和隧道衬砌混凝土剥落等灾害;3)隧道内旅客列车火灾的主要原因为列车车辆关键部位故障、人为因素、列车车辆缺陷致列车碰撞或脱轨;4)依据土建设施规模及隧道结构分布特点,长大铁路隧道(群)运营期防灾模式可选择定点停车疏散救援模式、全长或局部范围内随机停车疏散救援模式;5)铁路隧道防灾涉及基础设施、铁道车辆和运输调度,应建立铁路隧道运营期灾害防范体系及预警系统,防止事故发生。     

厦深铁路榕江特大桥列车运行稳定性试验研究

厦深铁路榕江特大桥为孔跨布置（110＋2×220＋110）m的钢桁梁柔性拱桥,桥面系为正交异性钢桥面系、有砟轨道,采用剪力法测试货物列车在桥上、路基、钢轨伸缩器3种不同位置的轮轨力,对货物列车运行稳定性指标进行计算分析和评判,验证了该桥梁运营的安全性;分析货物列车运行稳定性指标与速度的关系,揭示了轮对横向力、列车脱轨系数和轮重减载率的最大值随着车速的提高而增大的现象;对相同速度下货物列车通过不同轨道基础的运行稳定性指标进行比较,提出应特别重视钢轨伸缩调节器位置轨道结构的日常管养的建议;结合联调联试测试结果,对比分析货物列车和动车通过各测试工点的稳定性,结果表明动车组运行稳定性优于货物列车;试验也验证了本文设计的轮轨力标定加力架设计合理、使用方便。     

铁路货车脱轨安全性研究

C62货车是中国的主型货车,对其进行脱轨安全性研究对确保铁路安全生产有十分重要的意义,利用机车车辆系统动态仿真软件,建立C62货车的动力学计算模型,分析该车在直线上的蛇行运动稳定性及曲线上的通过性能,并着重分析了C62货车装载不全副理对行车安全的影响。