防止脱轨车辆偏离轨道的数值仿真研究

以实际转向架运行试验为基础,建立了15个自由度的车辆模型,用于分析转向架构架上装有脱轨防护止挡的车辆在脱轨后的动态响应,研究了转向架的运动,验证了脱轨防护止挡的有效性。     

铜陵公铁两用长江大桥船撞引起列车脱轨分析

研究目的:准确测算船撞作用下桥梁的结构动力响应,对评估因船—桥碰撞后桥梁响应而引起的列车脱轨分析具有重要意义。本文围绕铜陵公铁两用长江大桥论述船撞桥墩引起列车脱轨分析的一般流程,首先通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元软件模拟10 000 t级与5 000 t级船舶在最高、常规以及最低通航水位下满载正撞和侧桥向20°撞击桥梁的主塔和辅助墩,得出在各船撞工况下碰撞力-时程曲线。然后将船舶撞击时程曲线作为动力荷载输入至整桥有限元模型中,计算桥梁结构关键部位尤其是主梁的横向位移和加速度响应。研究结论:(1)在最高通航水位下,船舶满载正撞桥墩产生的撞击力最大;在该最不利工况下,撞击作用对桥梁结构动力响应以及列车的脱轨风险具有较大影响;(2)当3#主塔受到10 000 t级船舶撞击时,导致2#桥墩墩顶主梁的横向加速度达到0.922 m/s2,未超过列车脱轨加速度临界限制1 m/s2,列车脱轨概率极小;(3)通过简化的风险标准导出脱轨概率公式计算表明,该桥遭受到船舶撞击时,其列车的脱轨概率为9×10-5~1.5×10-4;(4)本文的研究结果可供航道上铁路桥梁因船舶撞击导致列车通行安全性研究参考。     

不足位移对高速道岔动力特性的影响

为揭示道岔不足位移对高速行车的影响,根据高速道岔、列车的结构特点、力学特性和相互作用关系,建立车辆-道岔耦合动力学模型,并以高速列车直向350km/h、侧向80km/h通过350km/h客运专线18号无砟道岔为例,分析不同不足位移情形下车辆和道岔的动力学特性。结果表明:尖轨、心轨不足位移对列车动轮载、钢轨动应力影响较小,对轮缘力、车体横向加速度、轮重减载率、脱轨系数影响较大;不足位移会严重影响高速列车直、侧向过岔的舒适性及安全性,影响高速道岔正常工作状态;牵引转换设计时,应严格控制道岔尖轨、心轨不足位移。     

Study of the post-derailment safety measures on low-speed derailment tests

Prevention of train from derailment is the most important issue for the railway system. Keeping derailed vehicle close to the track centreline is beneficial to minimise the severe consequences associated with derailments. In this paper, the post-derailment safety measures are studied based on low-speed derailment tests. Post-derailment devices can prevent deviation of the train from the rail by catching the rail, and they are mounted under the axle box. Considering the different structures of vehicles, both trailer and motor vehicles are equipped with the safety device and then separately used in low-speed derailment tests. In derailment tests, two kinds of track, namely the CRTS-I slab ballastless track and the CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track, are adopted to investigate the effect of the track types on the derailment. In addition, the derailment speed and the weight of the derailed vehicle are also taken into account in derailment tests. The test results indicate that the post-derailment movement of the vehicle includes running and bounce. Reducing the derailment speed and increasing the weight of the head of the train are helpful to reduce the possibility for derailments. For the CRTS-I slab ballastless track, the safety device can prevent trailer vehicles from deviating from the track centreline. The gearbox plays an important role in controlling the lateral displacement of motor vehicle after a derailment while the safety device contributes less to keep derailed motor vehicles on the track centreline. The lateral distance between the safety device and rails should be larger than 181.5?mm for protecting the fasteners system. And for the CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track, it helps to decrease the post-derailment distance due to the longitudinal impacts with sleepers. It can also restrict the lateral movement of derailed vehicle due to the high shoulders. The results suggest that, CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track should be widely used in derailment prone areas.     

长大货车球形心盘稳定性分析

以DK17A型车为研究对象,基于接触方法及大变形有限元法分析了长大货车球形心盘在一定纵向力作用下的稳定性问题.仿真结果表明:当大底架没有上移时,即使施加很大的纵向力球形心盘也不会跳出,车辆能够安全运行.由于线路的不平顺和纵向冲击力的作用,易引起上心盘的上移,当防脱装置起作用时,上移量刚好为13.5 mm,此时防脱板销孔与销轴正好处于接触状态.通过仿真计算得出,当纵向力达到2 800 kN时防脱装置被完全破坏,心盘跳出,大底架与小底架分离,导致车辆脱轨.当纵向力小于2 750 kN时,由于有防脱装置的作用,球形心盘不会脱出.     

对论文"车桥(轨)耦合振动系统仿真中的基本问题、解决办法及其应用范围"的回复

对"车桥(轨)耦合振动系统仿真中的基本问题、解决办法及其应用范围"一文所提出的问题,进行了回复。根据文章"车桥及车轨时变系统横向振动计算中的根本问题与列车脱轨能量随机分析理论"中分析方法的主要内容,重新阐述了由作者提出的理论、计算模型等的正确性。经多例实测结果验证,未发现与实际情况有较大差距。根据提出的列车脱轨能量随机分析理论,算出5个货物列车—轨道时变系统振动实例,3个脱轨,2个不脱轨,均与实际吻合。     

A numerical study of the derailment caused by collision of a rail vehicle using a virtual testing model

This study investigated the wheel-lift and roll-over derailment mechanisms caused by train collisions using a precise virtual testing model (VTM) of a Korean high-speed train. The VTM was a complex, nonlinear finite element model composed of the shell, beam, solid, spring, and surface contact elements for the car body, bogies, suspensions, and wheel–rail interfaces. The VTM was validated by checking the errors in the total energy and the dynamic responses of the spring elements. To achieve a quick, dynamic relaxation of the dead weight of the VTM before the collision analysis, the artificial damping method and the artificial force method were introduced and numerically evaluated. The surface-to-surface contact model from commercial software, Ls-Dyna, was applied to the VTM in order to simulate the derailment mechanisms caused by collision accidents. The numerical analyses of the VTM colliding with a large deformable obstacle or a rigid wall revealed for the first time that a mixed slip/roll-over-type derailment mechanism generally occurs. Furthermore, the simulation results were consistent with the results from a simplified theoretical derailment model of a wheel set.     

缓和曲线长度对车辆曲线通过性能的影响

通过动力学仿真分析发现,在现有的条件下仅仅通过适当延长缓和曲线的长度,可以提高机车的曲线通过速度,为准高速线路缓和曲线长度设置提供了参考,并提出了新的缓和曲线划分标准,给出合理的缓和曲线长度表。     

对脱轨零容忍

介绍了铁道车辆脱轨事故造成的损失,以及为防止脱轨事故而采取的措施.     

地震情况下新干线轨道的防脱轨措施

介绍了日本铁道综合技术研究所研究在地震情况下,在轨道方面所采取的防止车辆脱轨、防止车辆偏离钢轨和防止钢轨倾翻等防脱轨措施.