季冻区路面混凝土界面区劣化行为及与强度相关性

为了揭示季冻区路面混凝土界面区在自然环境与车辆荷载耦合作用下的劣化机理,以及界面区劣化对路面耐久性的影响,通过室内设计普通交通环境和超载条件下的荷载-冻融-干湿循环三场耦合试验模拟路面水泥混凝土实际工作环境,并与普通交通条件下的疲劳荷载单因素试验及荷载-冻融双场耦合试验进行对比,以探求季冻区路面混凝土界面区劣化的主要影响因素;采用扫描电镜观测和X射线能谱分析分别测定在混凝土处于不同耦合作用阶段的界面区细观结构、钙硅比变化;采用静态弯拉强度试验测定三场耦合下各阶段的混凝土力学性能,并采用多元回归分析方法揭示路面混凝土界面区劣化行为与混凝土强度的相关性。结果表明：季冻区路面混凝土运营时,车辆荷载主要引起混凝土界面区沿原生微裂缝的局部损坏;冻融循环伴随干湿交替的环境作用促使裂缝在各方向蔓延形成大片缺陷,且该界面区劣化行为是物理-化学过程。主要表现为,路面混凝土的抗弯拉强度呈下降趋势;界面区大量裂缝交叉贯通,密实度显著降低,氢氧化钙结晶析出;超载情况下,疲劳寿命急剧缩短,且界面区内部微裂纹的宽度显著增大。混凝土疲劳破坏时,界面区临界损伤阈值为：界面区宽度为70 μm;密实度为50.96%~54.25%;微裂缝最大长度在24.48~26.04 μm之间;微裂缝最大宽度在11.73~15.72 μm之间。可利用多元线性回归方程描述混凝土强度与界面区结构缺陷之间的定量关系,各结构参数对强度影响程度从大到小依次为：密实度、裂纹宽度、裂纹长度。     

基于进化算法的散货船结构疲劳破损检验计划研究

采用进化算法为优化手段，疲劳累积失效概率为约束条件，检验费用为目标函数，检验时间间隔及检验方式为优化变量，根据船体构件本身的疲劳特性进行疲劳破损检验优化研究，选出检验费用最少的最优检验方案，并给出了计算实例。     

Enhancing rail infra durability through freight bogie design

The extensive usage of railway infrastructure demands a high level of robustness, which can be achieved partly by considering (and managing) the track and rolling stock as one integral system with due attention to their interface. A growing number of infra managers consider, in this framework, the track-friendliness of vehicles that have access to their tracks as a key control parameter. The aim of this study is to provide further insight into potential contributions to track-friendliness, assessed in relation to track deterioration mechanisms and cost, understanding how potential benefits are best to be utilised. Six proposed freight bogie design measures are evaluated with respect to the improvement in curving behaviour, switch negotiation and related track degradation mechanisms. To this purpose a sensitivity analysis has been carried out by means of track–train simulations in the VAMPIRE® multi body simulation software. Additionally, the impact on track deterioration costs has been calculated for those track-friendly design modifications identified as most promising. Conclusions show that the standard Y25L freight bogie design displays rather a track-friendly behaviour. Tuning the primary yaw stiffness shows a high potential to further improve track-friendliness, significantly reducing track deterioration cost at narrow radius curves and switches (by, respectively, 30% and 60%). When calculating the overall deterioration cost for the travelled route, the calculation model should include a well-balanced representation of switches and narrow radius curves.     

实腹式圆弧拱桥病害机理分析与综合加固技术的研究

在分析蔡各庄拱桥病害机理的基础上,提出桥面补强层和拱圈增大截面加固、拱圈侧墙钢杆件拉结和下部增补桩基综合加固的方案。该方案不仅提高结构的承载力和整体刚度,而且有效地控制裂缝发展,在旧桥加固改造中有一定借鉴意义。     

Bicycle in Shanghai: Movement patterns,cyclist attitudes and the impact of traffic separation

Transportation demand continues to grow at an even faster rate than the economies of Chinese cities, placing increasing pressure on a limited road network. In certain cities of the more highly developed coastal plains, the bicycle assumed a dominant role in urban transport in the 1980s, a position maintained in the 1990s. In Shanghai, the bicycle continues to play a dominant role, although policies favour a switch to public transport. In the present paper, cyclist attitudes toward public transport policies were probed with a pilot questionnaire at two important central destinations. An important example of current policies with regard to bicycles involves the creation of separate networks for motorized and non-motorized modes. A pilot scheme for eventual application over a very large area was recently introduced in the central area. We report on the traffic volumes by mode and street before and after its implementation in 1999. Both bicycle and car volumes diminished in the central area, although the decrease was greater for bicycles. On the other hand, interviewed cyclists expressed resistance to various incentives to use public transport. The question raised here is whether the planned increase in public transport share of total intracity travel can be achieved without disincentives to use the bicycle.     

热拌沥青混合料路面早期损坏原因分析

简析热拌沥青混合料路面在早期容易出现的病害成因,并结合工程实践经验,从现场施工质量控制、投入运营后超载车辆管理不严等方面分析造成沥青路面早期病害的主要成因。     

公路建设及运营中土地退化问题研究进展

对公路建设及运营中所引发的土地退化问题的相关研究成果主要集中于公路占地、土壤侵蚀、土壤污染、土壤性质恶化等单方面的分析:土壤侵蚀是重点研究内容,具体包括土壤侵蚀规模、土壤侵蚀机理、土壤侵蚀规律及侵蚀预测方法;土壤污染以重金属污染为主要研究内容,土壤性质恶化则重点关注于土壤理化性质,土壤生物学性质变化研究相对薄弱.我国公路建设及运营所致土地退化问题的研究严重滞后于公路工程建设,今后应强化公路建设及运营过程中的土地退化、演变及恢复研究,公路沿线土壤侵蚀发生发展规律的系统性研究,土壤资源保护与利用研究,公路建设用地节约集约利用技术和标准研究等.     

栓钉锈蚀与抗剪承载力试验研究

栓钉剪力连接件是保证钢梁与混凝土翼缘共同工作的关键元件,栓钉锈蚀后将直接影响组合梁的抗剪连接程度,进而影响梁的承载能力.文中将通过推出试验,研究栓钉锈蚀对其承载力的影响规律.通过对试验结果的回归分析,研究栓钉锈蚀后的抗剪承载力的计算公式.     

预应力混凝土连续箱梁加固设计

桥梁结构往往由于使用年代久、竣工资料缺失、现有的检测手段又不能准确测定其受力状态,使加固设计的依据不足。本工程从桥梁病害的特征出发,通过对病害的模拟分析,拟合其受力状态作为加固设计的依据,对其进行了有针对性的加固设计。运行2年后桥梁受力状态正常。     

基于效用模型的沥青路面预防性养护研究

预防性养护是一种高标准养护方式。在预防性养护中,养护时机的选择至关重要。基于此,提出了以建立养护短期效用预测模型来进行养护时机的选择,该模型通过对路面性能短期提高值以及养护后路面性能衰变规律的预测,能较为精确地获得养护后路面性能曲线,以及养护短期效益值,进而运用效益-费用分析法可以较方便而准确地确定最佳养护时机和养护方案。养护效用预测模型为预防性养护的研究提供了新思路,具有重大的理论意义和实际意义。