关于骨干校建设对推进高职内涵发展的思考

文中对国家骨干高职院校建设在推进高职内涵发展方面存在的问题进行了梳理,如中观层面指导与监管的不健全、建设环境不够完善、建设院校自身存在的问题等。在此基础上,提出以骨干校为契机建设高职院校内涵建设的若干策略,包括加强顶层设计,处理继承与创新的关系、重点与非重点的关系,解决好人才队伍问题、树立强大的文化自信等。     

快速公交系统引导城市发展的协调规划模型

为了使快速公交系统的客流得到可持续发展,和根据城市新区公交导向发展的客流变化分析公交引导城市发展的发展阶段,针对公交导向城市发展的阶段以及它支撑快速公交系统的程度,分析其设施配置方案的不同级别,建立快速公交系统和公交导向发展的协调规划模型,分析公交导向发展和快速公交系统间的互动关系,利用模型模拟公交导向城市发展的进程和快速公交系统的设施配置,使二者协调发展。     

步行和自行车接驳轨道交通时空阈值研究

当前步行和自行车接驳轨道交通的理论研究和实践多侧重于设施指标水平,而对出行者心理考虑不足.在北京市某轨道交通车站周边进行问卷调查和现场模拟实验,深入分析影响步行和自行车接驳轨道交通的因素.同时得到使用步行和自行车接驳轨道交通的出行者对接驳距离和时间的敏感程度及接受度分布特征、接驳客流距离衰减特征等.利用非集计价格敏感度分析法量化步行和自行车接驳轨道交通的时空阈值,分别得到合理和最大的接驳距离和接驳时间.     

城市交通发展模式转型与战略取向

随着城市交通拥堵、交通污染等问题凸显,以及能源、土地等资源约束,针对城市交通发展模式转型和交通战略的讨论成为社会各界关注的焦点。首先回顾中国不同阶段城市交通发展战略的时代背景和政策导向。从城镇化与城市发展、城市交通小汽车化、城市交通制约因素三个方面,分析城市交通发展面-临的严峻形势以及城市交通发展模式转型的迫切要求。提出促进城市交通发展模式转型的战略目标和应遵循的基本原则,并围绕科学决策、协同集成、公交优先、科技创新四个方面提出战略对策建议。     

《北京交通发展纲要（2004-2020）》实施情况及评估

在北京市进入社会经济现代化、城市化和机动化高速发展时期,交通形势十分严峻的背景下,北京市颁布了《北京交通发展纲要（2004-2020）》（以下简称《纲要》）。对“纲要》颁布以来北京交通取得的成就进行评估,在此基础上总结北京交通发展的成功经验并反思发展过程中存在的问题,为《纲要》的进一步修编提供参考。     

Reduced dwell times resulting from train–platform improvements: the costs and benefits of improving passenger accessibility to metro trains

Abstract

This paper examines whether a dwell time reduction on a high-intensity metro service, as a result of a series of accessibility enhancements, can contribute to an increased level of service and accessible public transport for passengers together with a reduction in costs for the operator. Actual train operation data were collected by on-site observations and from London Underground Ltd. A simple simulation is built to represent the effect on the overall cycle times of trains if certain parameters (e.g. dwell time) are changed. Four models are developed, concerning: (1) step height between train and platform, (2) an assumption of passenger service time to be no longer than 20 s, (3) door width and (4) the combination of step height and door width. From the application of the models it appears that the fourth model provides the highest reduction in dwell time and diminishes the overall cycle times of trains. However, it is the most expensive to implement as it requires work to raise platforms and the purchase of new rolling stock.     

What determines commute time choices? A structural equation modelling approach

Abstract

Many researchers have been attracted by the phenomenon of constant travel time, and the time spent on travel has been an important indicator of understanding travellers’ behaviours. This paper is based on a survey conducted in a university in London which includes both objective and subjective variables in relation to commute time and some demographic characteristics. Two conceptual structural models are examined in order to explore the factors determining travellers’ choices. Results of the analysis reveal some interesting relationships: (1) a positive relationship between age and commute time; (2) females are more likely to read or listen to music during their journeys, and their ideal commute time (ICT) and current commute time (CCT) generally tend to be longer; (3) academic staff tend to have the habit of working during their commute, administrative staff tend to commute longer while students tend to spend a shorter time commuting; (4) normally, a habit while travelling is significantly associated with CCT; those with a habit of reading or working during their commute journey tend to have longer commute times and (5) the relationship between CCT and commuters’ ICT and tolerable commute time is positive; both hypothesised causal relationships are significant so that a loop is formed between subjective and objective variables, and thus a dynamic modelling process could be envisaged as temporal sequences of those variables.     

A railway capacity determination model and rail access charging methodologies

This article discusses approaches to the determination of railway capacity and the significance of the following factors on capacity: mix of trains, length and weight of trains, direction of train travel, acceleration and deceleration, stopping protocols of trains, location and length of crossing loops, location of signals, length of sections, dwell times and sectional running times. A more accurate method to calculate railway capacity is developed using previously unaddressed aspects for capacity determination. Capacity and pricing are two key issues for organizations involved with open track access regimes. A train access charging methodology is therefore developed and incorporated into a railway capacity determination model.     

西部某交通勘察设计企业发展战略转型研究

文章以西部某交通勘察设计企业为研究对象,对当前交通勘察设计企业所面临的内外部形势进行分析,并针对企业转型发展中所存在的问题,提出以创新为驱动的发展模式,总结归纳出推动企业可持续发展的相关对策,对类似交通勘察设计企业的转型发展具有一定的参考和指导意义。     

Optimal stop spacing and headway of congested transit system considering realistic wait times

Abstract

This paper revisits the classical transit scheduling problem and investigates the relationship between stop spacing and headway, considering realistic wait time and operable transit capacity. Headway and stop spacing are important determinants for planning a transit system, which influence the service level as well as the cost of operation. A mathematical model is developed, and the objective function is user travel time which is minimized by the optimized stop spacing and headway, subject to the constraints of operable fleet size and route capacity. Optimal stop spacing and headway solutions are obtained in a numerical example. Sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the effect of model parameters on user travel time is explored.